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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Bundle

Exam Code: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

Exam Name AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

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Corresponding Certification: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional

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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Practice Test 30

Question 290

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: Compliance requires a formal rotation process for customer-managed KMS keys without breaking historical ciphertext. Requirement B: A DynamoDB table receives unpredictable read request bursts causing throttling during seasonal peaks. Select TWO actions, one for each independently scoped requirement.

  1. Configure supported KMS key rotation policy and validate old ciphertext decrypt behavior under the same logical key
  2. Evaluate on-demand capacity or auto scaling where appropriate and check hot partition keys
  3. Configure and verify Route 53 failover records with endpoint health checks and explicit secondary routing
  4. Use CloudWatch Database Insights to identify RDS database load by SQL statements and wait events before changing capacity
  5. Configure organization-wide GuardDuty administration with supported automatic enrollment and region strategy

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: Compliance requires a formal rotation process for customer-managed KMS keys without breaking historical ciphertext. KMS key rotation retains ability to decrypt data encrypted with earlier key material. A direct acceptance check is: New cryptographic material is used when rotation occurs while previously encrypted data remains decryptable.

B:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A DynamoDB table receives unpredictable read request bursts causing throttling during seasonal peaks. DynamoDB throughput requires sufficient mode capacity and key-distribution design. A direct acceptance check is: Burst replay avoids throttling while partition-level demand remains within supported constraints.

Incorrect Answers

C:

This action targets a different technical need: Two Regions are deployed but customer requests stay routed to the failed primary endpoint indefinitely. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. DNS failover needs a health-signal and routing policy that actually switches answers; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: A transactional RDS instance becomes slow under concurrency and the team needs to distinguish SQL waits from CPU pressure. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Database performance diagnostics should identify the specific bottleneck before scaling; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

E:

This action targets a different technical need: The security team manages GuardDuty separately in 50 accounts and misses newly created member accounts. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Central GuardDuty administration supports ongoing multi-account detection enrollment; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 291

For the enterprise requirement "A public API has repeated abusive requests from a single source network but normal distributed traffic should continue", the team implemented this change: Add AWS WAF rate-based rules scoped to the API's web ACL with suitable action and monitoring. Which evidence confirms the intended behavior under test?

  1. Cloud instances access approved services privately while disallowed API paths are rejected
  2. The abusive source crosses its request threshold and is blocked without blocking allowed sample traffic
  3. The authorized role decrypts the designated ciphertext while an unrelated role remains denied
  4. Excess requests return expected throttling responses while permitted traffic continues under peak simulation

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. WAF rate-based rules can limit excessive HTTP request patterns by aggregation key. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: A public API has repeated abusive requests from a single source network but normal distributed traffic should continue.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Cloud instances access approved services privately while disallowed API paths are rejected. However, this does not establish the required outcome: the abusive source crosses its request threshold and is blocked without blocking allowed sample traffic.

C:

The authorized role decrypts the designated ciphertext while an unrelated role remains denied. However, this does not establish the required outcome: the abusive source crosses its request threshold and is blocked without blocking allowed sample traffic.

D:

Excess requests return expected throttling responses while permitted traffic continues under peak simulation. However, this does not establish the required outcome: the abusive source crosses its request threshold and is blocked without blocking allowed sample traffic.

Question 292

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A rarely used API experiences extreme idle hours and unpredictable spikes, making always-on EC2 capacity uneconomic. Requirement B: A product releases the same service to two Regions and must require a compliance approval before the second Region goes live. Select TWO actions, one for each independently scoped requirement.

  1. Use CodePipeline stages with independent regional deploy actions and a manual approval gate before the restricted stage
  2. Introduce DynamoDB DAX for supported cacheable read paths and check data freshness requirements
  3. Scale ECS services or EC2 Auto Scaling from queue depth and processing time metrics
  4. Evaluate a serverless API Gateway and Lambda architecture with cold-start and concurrency testing
  5. Use CodeDeploy blue-green deployment with alternate load balancer target groups and rollback alarms

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A product releases the same service to two Regions and must require a compliance approval before the second Region goes live. Multi-Region pipelines can enforce explicit promotion and approval boundaries. A direct acceptance check is: The first Region deploys, the second Region waits for approval, and rejection prevents restricted rollout.

D:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A rarely used API experiences extreme idle hours and unpredictable spikes, making always-on EC2 capacity uneconomic. Serverless consumption models can reduce idle infrastructure charges for intermittent traffic. A direct acceptance check is: The API meets latency SLOs under bursts and incurs low idle compute spend without permanently allocated hosts.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This action targets a different technical need: A product catalog on DynamoDB receives many repeated eventually consistent key lookups and requires microsecond cache responses. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. DAX offers managed in-memory caching for eligible DynamoDB read workloads; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

C:

This action targets a different technical need: A queue-backed worker fleet is underloaded overnight but still runs a fixed large number of instances. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Queue-driven scaling aligns paid worker capacity with outstanding workload; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

E:

This action targets a different technical need: A high-traffic EC2 service must release a risky version while keeping a rapid rollback path and without terminating all healthy targets at once. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Blue-green deployment separates old and new environments to support safe traffic shifting; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 293

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A bucket policy accidentally grants an external AWS account access and the owner needs a provable cross-account finding. Requirement B: A latency-sensitive API running in EKS cannot tolerate a single Availability Zone outage. Which TWO controls should be used together for these separate scenarios?

  1. Enable EventBridge event-bus archive and replay for eligible matching events
  2. Use organization-wide CloudTrail and central log storage with restrictive bucket access and retention controls
  3. Enable IAM Access Analyzer for the relevant zone of trust and evaluate the external-access finding
  4. Configure Security Hub delegated administrator and member account aggregation or finding aggregation as supported
  5. Distribute worker nodes and eligible pods across multiple AZs with topology rules and disruption-aware service routing

Explanation

Correct Answers

C:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A bucket policy accidentally grants an external AWS account access and the owner needs a provable cross-account finding. IAM Access Analyzer analyzes resource-based policies for external access outside the chosen trust zone. A direct acceptance check is: The analyzer identifies the unexpected external principal and the finding clears after policy correction.

E:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A latency-sensitive API running in EKS cannot tolerate a single Availability Zone outage. Multi-AZ Kubernetes workloads need scheduled replicas and correctly configured networking across zones. A direct acceptance check is: Draining all nodes in one zone still leaves enough healthy replicas serving traffic from others.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This action targets a different technical need: A service needs to replay historical event notifications after a downstream subscriber defect is corrected. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. EventBridge archives support bounded replay of previously captured events; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

B:

This action targets a different technical need: A central audit account needs immutable delivery of logs from all workload accounts and Regions. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. An organization trail and protected storage form a centralized account-wide auditing design; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: Security analysts need one cross-account aggregation view of prioritized findings without requesting console access in every workload account. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Security Hub delegated administration centralizes findings while each source account retains its own resources; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 294

An architecture review recommends this solution: Evaluate AWS Shield Advanced with supported resource protection and runbooks alongside layered edge controls. The motivating situation is: A revenue-critical public endpoint requires proactive DDoS response coordination and protected eligible application resources. Which principle would a reviewer use to defend this design?

  1. Effective caching can reduce origin load and transfer cost for eligible content
  2. VPC endpoints provide private connectivity to supported AWS services inside defined network and policy controls
  3. Secrets Manager can store and rotate secrets with applications retrieving current authorized values
  4. Shield Advanced adds advanced DDoS protection and response support for supported resources

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Evaluate AWS Shield Advanced with supported resource protection and runbooks alongside layered edge controls. The expected supporting evidence is: A test incident follows predefined escalation and eligible protected resources appear under Shield Advanced coverage.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The CDN forwards every request to origin due to ineffective cache keys or caching headers. The stated evidence instead indicates: Basic infrastructure availability controls were mistaken for managed advanced DDoS response workflow.

B:

Service API traffic depends on public egress or an unintended NAT route despite a private-access requirement. The stated evidence instead indicates: Basic infrastructure availability controls were mistaken for managed advanced DDoS response workflow.

C:

A static password in deployment parameters cannot be centrally rotated safely. The stated evidence instead indicates: Basic infrastructure availability controls were mistaken for managed advanced DDoS response workflow.

Question 295

For the enterprise requirement "A global media site sends repeated uncached misses to an expensive origin even with widespread CloudFront edge caches", the team implemented this change: Add an appropriate CloudFront Origin Shield layer and adjust origin caching strategy. Which outcome is the most meaningful acceptance test?

  1. Each registered consumer receives an independent read-throughput path and lag falls during peak events
  2. Origin request count drops under a multi-edge cache miss test while freshness remains correct
  3. Security Hub centrally displays eligible standardized findings with source context preserved
  4. The dominant query wait events can be linked to the observed transaction latency

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. CloudFront Origin Shield can consolidate cache misses through an additional regional layer. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: A global media site sends repeated uncached misses to an expensive origin even with widespread CloudFront edge caches.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Each registered consumer receives an independent read-throughput path and lag falls during peak events. However, this does not establish the required outcome: origin request count drops under a multi-edge cache miss test while freshness remains correct.

C:

Security Hub centrally displays eligible standardized findings with source context preserved. However, this does not establish the required outcome: origin request count drops under a multi-edge cache miss test while freshness remains correct.

D:

The dominant query wait events can be linked to the observed transaction latency. However, this does not establish the required outcome: origin request count drops under a multi-edge cache miss test while freshness remains correct.

Question 296

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: An organization needs a central security team to administer Inspector or GuardDuty for member accounts without using the management account daily. What was most likely overlooked in the original design?

  1. On-premises DNS has no forwarding path into the VPC's Route 53 Resolver
  2. Individual accounts use drifting custom schedules that do not match central backup policy
  3. Each business unit manually maintains duplicative IAM users in workload accounts
  4. Management-account-only operations were mistaken for necessary daily centralized security administration

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. Service-specific delegated administration provides controlled cross-account security operations. The appropriate correction is: Configure the applicable AWS Organizations delegated administrator in a dedicated security account. The control should then be tested by verifying that The delegated administrator can manage enrolled member security coverage within its supported scope.

Incorrect Answers

A:

On-premises DNS has no forwarding path into the VPC's Route 53 Resolver. The stated evidence instead indicates: Management-account-only operations were mistaken for necessary daily centralized security administration.

B:

Individual accounts use drifting custom schedules that do not match central backup policy. The stated evidence instead indicates: Management-account-only operations were mistaken for necessary daily centralized security administration.

C:

Each business unit manually maintains duplicative IAM users in workload accounts. The stated evidence instead indicates: Management-account-only operations were mistaken for necessary daily centralized security administration.

Question 297

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: An order-processing system uses synchronous downstream calls and fails completely whenever one notification provider is slow. Requirement B: A business must migrate production database tables while serving users until the final narrow cutover. Select TWO actions, one for each independently scoped requirement.

  1. Use staged schema compatibility, full-load plus CDC migration and controlled dual-environment cutover tests
  2. Build a governed S3-centered data lake with AWS Glue metadata and appropriate analytics services
  3. Reserve an AWS Data Transfer Terminal session and bring compatible encrypted storage to upload through its high-bandwidth AWS connection
  4. Introduce change data capture and an event stream or bus with replay and idempotent consumers
  5. Redesign notifications into event-driven processing using EventBridge or SQS with idempotent consumers

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A business must migrate production database tables while serving users until the final narrow cutover. Online database migration requires ongoing change capture and carefully managed cutover semantics. A direct acceptance check is: Source and destination data reconcile, CDC lag reaches the target and switching endpoints remains reversible.

E:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: An order-processing system uses synchronous downstream calls and fails completely whenever one notification provider is slow. Event-driven boundaries isolate failure but require idempotency and message-delivery governance. A direct acceptance check is: Orders complete independently of notification delays, while consumers process retries and duplicate deliveries safely.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This action targets a different technical need: A legacy reporting ETL cluster requires durable raw data sharing and easier scale-out queries across departments. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. A shared governed object-storage lake decouples data retention from individual processing engines; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

C:

This action targets a different technical need: An AWS Enterprise Support research customer needs to migrate tens of terabytes from a remote site with unreliable network links and can bring storage to a nearby AWS transfer facility. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. AWS Data Transfer Terminal allows eligible Enterprise Support customers to bring storage to an AWS transfer site; AWS Snowball Edge is no longer available to new customers; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: A legacy billing system runs nightly ETL and downstream consumers need near-real-time invoice changes. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. CDC-based event distribution can modernize delayed batch data propagation; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 298

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: A transaction platform must recover within minutes but budget constraints prohibit active-active processing in both Regions. Which missing control accounts for the continuing issue?

  1. Records use ordinary simple routing without failover health awareness
  2. No event archive exists to replay notifications that failed during downstream processing
  3. Backup-only DR cannot restart the platform quickly enough for the required minutes-long RTO
  4. The destination bucket is present but replication cannot use the destination KMS key

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. Warm standby keeps a functional smaller recovery environment ready for rapid scaling. The appropriate correction is: Design a warm-standby secondary Region with continuously updated state and reduced steady-state capacity. The control should then be tested by verifying that A regional drill scales warm standby to full capacity within the stated recovery time and data tolerance.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Records use ordinary simple routing without failover health awareness. The stated evidence instead indicates: Backup-only DR cannot restart the platform quickly enough for the required minutes-long RTO.

B:

No event archive exists to replay notifications that failed during downstream processing. The stated evidence instead indicates: Backup-only DR cannot restart the platform quickly enough for the required minutes-long RTO.

D:

The destination bucket is present but replication cannot use the destination KMS key. The stated evidence instead indicates: Backup-only DR cannot restart the platform quickly enough for the required minutes-long RTO.

Question 299

An architecture review recommends this solution: Use CloudWatch Database Insights to identify RDS database load by SQL statements and wait events before changing capacity. The motivating situation is: A transactional RDS instance becomes slow under concurrency and the team needs to distinguish SQL waits from CPU pressure. Why is this architecture appropriate for the described workload?

  1. CloudFront Origin Shield can consolidate cache misses through an additional regional layer
  2. Lambda provisioned concurrency keeps selected execution environments initialized to reduce startup latency
  3. Database performance diagnostics should identify the specific bottleneck before scaling
  4. State machines improve auditability when state transitions and idempotency are designed

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Use CloudWatch Database Insights to identify RDS database load by SQL statements and wait events before changing capacity. The expected supporting evidence is: The dominant query wait events can be linked to the observed transaction latency.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Misses from different edge caches repeatedly burden the same origin. The stated evidence instead indicates: Engineers scale CPU without analyzing database lock waits or expensive SQL.

B:

On-demand initialization latency is not addressed for the critical invocation path. The stated evidence instead indicates: Engineers scale CPU without analyzing database lock waits or expensive SQL.

D:

Untracked imperative orchestration repeats previous side effects after transient failures. The stated evidence instead indicates: Engineers scale CPU without analyzing database lock waits or expensive SQL.

Question 300

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A multinational website repeatedly serves cacheable large assets and incurs high origin data-transfer and request charges. Requirement B: A Lambda-backed API team wants to expose only ten percent of traffic to a new function revision before promoting it. Which TWO controls should be used together for these separate scenarios?

  1. Use CodePipeline stages with independent regional deploy actions and a manual approval gate before the restricted stage
  2. Apply S3 Intelligent-Tiering with suitable monitoring and eligibility checks
  3. Tune CloudFront cache policies and origin behavior to increase cache hits while honoring freshness limits
  4. Publish a Lambda version and configure weighted alias routing with deployment alarms
  5. Add AWS WAF rate-based rules scoped to the API's web ACL with suitable action and monitoring

Explanation

Correct Answers

C:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A multinational website repeatedly serves cacheable large assets and incurs high origin data-transfer and request charges. Effective caching can reduce origin load and transfer cost for eligible content. A direct acceptance check is: Origin request count and cacheable transferred bytes fall without serving stale protected content.

D:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A Lambda-backed API team wants to expose only ten percent of traffic to a new function revision before promoting it. Lambda aliases support weighted traffic between published versions with monitored promotion. A direct acceptance check is: The alias sends the intended approximate percentage to the canary version and reverts after a simulated alarm.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This action targets a different technical need: A product releases the same service to two Regions and must require a compliance approval before the second Region goes live. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Multi-Region pipelines can enforce explicit promotion and approval boundaries; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

B:

This action targets a different technical need: Unpredictably accessed objects are retained for a year, but no reliable access-frequency segmentation is known. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. S3 Intelligent-Tiering can move eligible objects among access tiers based on access frequency; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

E:

This action targets a different technical need: A public API has repeated abusive requests from a single source network but normal distributed traffic should continue. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. WAF rate-based rules can limit excessive HTTP request patterns by aggregation key; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.