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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Bundle

Exam Code: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

Exam Name AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

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Corresponding Certification: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional

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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Practice Test 53

Question 520

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: A central networking account must share an existing Transit Gateway with application accounts without duplicating it. Which selection is defensible under the given constraints?

  1. Enable VPC subnet sharing through AWS RAM for eligible accounts in the same organization
  2. Configure a Config aggregator with organization or account sources and appropriate delegated read access
  3. Share the eligible Transit Gateway using AWS Resource Access Manager and explicit attachment routing permissions
  4. Enable S3 Cross-Region Replication with correct versioning, role permissions and ownership controls

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

AWS RAM can share supported resources while ownership remains in a central account. The required architecture outcome is: A central networking account must share an existing Transit Gateway with application accounts without duplicating it. Validate this choice by checking that Approved application accounts can create authorized attachments to the centrally owned gateway.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Separate VPC copies and peering links were created instead of sharing centrally governed subnets. The specific problem here is that each application team is provisioning its own disconnected backbone gateway.

B:

Local Config assessments exist but no aggregation exposes cross-account status. The specific problem here is that each application team is provisioning its own disconnected backbone gateway.

D:

Only source-region S3 versioning is enabled, but no replication rule or role exists. The specific problem here is that each application team is provisioning its own disconnected backbone gateway.

Question 521

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: A private S3 origin behind CloudFront must block direct public object requests while allowing authorized distribution reads. Which selection is defensible under the given constraints?

  1. Configure CloudFront Origin Access Control with an origin bucket policy restricted to the distribution
  2. Deploy AWS Network Firewall with correct subnet endpoint routing and stateful rule groups
  3. Configure a suitable RDS cross-Region read replica where supported and rehearse replica promotion and endpoint changes
  4. Configure IAM role federation with OIDC trust subject restrictions for the external build identity

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

CloudFront OAC signs origin requests and supports restrictive private S3 bucket policies. The required architecture outcome is: A private S3 origin behind CloudFront must block direct public object requests while allowing authorized distribution reads. Validate this choice by checking that CloudFront retrieves approved objects while direct anonymous S3 URLs are rejected.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Traffic bypasses inspection endpoints, so rules exist but are never reached. The specific problem here is that a public bucket policy exposes origin objects outside the intended CloudFront access path.

C:

A standard read replica is assumed to be a synchronous multi-Region failover mechanism without promotion. The specific problem here is that a public bucket policy exposes origin objects outside the intended CloudFront access path.

D:

Static IAM user access keys were embedded in the external CI configuration. The specific problem here is that a public bucket policy exposes origin objects outside the intended CloudFront access path.

Question 522

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: An engineer repeatedly leaves management ports publicly accessible despite a configuration guardrail document. Which action would resolve the problem without adding unrelated capabilities?

  1. Aggregate CloudTrail management events with appropriately protected central storage and searchable event records
  2. Configure readiness probes, deployment surge policy and graceful termination semantics
  3. Add AWS Config evaluation for the risky security-group condition with controlled notification and remediation
  4. Enable AWS WAF logging to an appropriate destination with sensitive-data handling and analyze matched rules

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

AWS Config checks configuration changes against evaluable rules and supports managed remediation actions. The required architecture outcome is: An engineer repeatedly leaves management ports publicly accessible despite a configuration guardrail document. Validate this choice by checking that A test ingress rule is flagged and corrected through the authorized remediation workflow.

Incorrect Answers

A:

CloudTrail management events are not retained or centrally available for review. The specific problem here is that static security policy documents are not technically enforced against resource drift.

B:

Kubernetes deployment treats process startup as adequate evidence of request readiness. The specific problem here is that static security policy documents are not technically enforced against resource drift.

D:

WAF rules are deployed without visibility into which requests they affect. The specific problem here is that static security policy documents are not technically enforced against resource drift.

Question 523

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A corporation has hundreds of interdependent on-premises services and cannot establish which databases must move together. Requirement B: An estate of supported Linux and Windows VMs must rehost to EC2 with minimal application modification and short cutovers. Select TWO actions, one for each independently scoped requirement.

  1. Use AWS Application Migration Service for compatible server replication, test launches and cutover orchestration
  2. Perform application dependency discovery and group connected workloads into migration waves
  3. Evaluate Amazon MQ with an appropriate compatible engine and migrate broker connections in stages
  4. Track AWS Transform migration wave and server states, and maintain centrally owned application milestones, blockers and cutover decisions
  5. Execute a staged container migration with parallel service validation and gradual load-balancer traffic shifting

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: An estate of supported Linux and Windows VMs must rehost to EC2 with minimal application modification and short cutovers. AWS MGN supports continuous server replication and orchestrated rehosting validation. A direct acceptance check is: Replicated servers boot in AWS test VPCs with verified application functionality before cutover.

B:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A corporation has hundreds of interdependent on-premises services and cannot establish which databases must move together. Dependency mapping reduces migration risk by revealing the actual application interaction graph. A direct acceptance check is: Each proposed migration wave includes dependencies required for a functional smoke test.

Incorrect Answers

C:

This action targets a different technical need: A message-processing application still uses an on-premises ActiveMQ-compatible broker and cannot immediately rewrite producers. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Amazon MQ can support compatible managed message brokers when protocol continuity matters; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: A global enterprise wants a portfolio-level view of application migrations, owners, blockers and cutover states. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. A centralized migration tracking layer supports coordination across application teams; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

E:

This action targets a different technical need: A legacy service needs to move into an EKS platform with no interruption to dependent clients. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Container modernization requires tested runtime behavior and reversible client routing; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 524

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: Variable monthly expenses must trigger alerts for unusual spending spikes without predefined per-service thresholds. Requirement B: Six VPCs in three accounts need private east-west connectivity without an O(N²) peering mesh. Select TWO actions, one for each independently scoped requirement.

  1. Set up AWS Cost Anomaly Detection with relevant monitors and alert subscriptions
  2. Consider DynamoDB global tables with application-safe conflict semantics and tested replication behavior
  3. Attach the VPCs to one centrally governed Transit Gateway and propagate approved attachment routes
  4. Export AWS Cost and Usage Reports to S3 and query them with Athena or a billing data analysis workflow
  5. Expose the provider through an endpoint service behind a Network Load Balancer and create consumer interface VPC endpoints

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: Variable monthly expenses must trigger alerts for unusual spending spikes without predefined per-service thresholds. Cost Anomaly Detection learns spending patterns and flags unusual expenditures. A direct acceptance check is: A synthetic or observed unusual cost pattern appears in anomaly alerts with impacted spend drivers.

C:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: Six VPCs in three accounts need private east-west connectivity without an O(N²) peering mesh. Transit Gateway supplies centralized transitive VPC connectivity when attachment route tables and security policies are configured. A direct acceptance check is: Approved application subnets reach each other through Transit Gateway routes and unauthorized segments remain isolated.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This action targets a different technical need: Globally dispersed users require low-latency local writes to the same DynamoDB dataset with multi-Region availability. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Global tables provide multi-Region replication with eventual cross-Region convergence semantics; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: An enterprise wants line-item chargeback for data transfer and service usage across hundreds of accounts. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. The Cost and Usage Report provides detailed billing facts for accountable cost analysis; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

E:

This action targets a different technical need: Many workload VPCs need access to a privately published service without opening routing to the provider's whole VPC. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. AWS PrivateLink exposes a selected service to consumers without full network-to-network reachability; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 525

An architecture review recommends this solution: Review IAM Access Advisor last-accessed information with supported CloudTrail evidence and workload ownership confirmation. The motivating situation is: A company wants to identify IAM permissions that have not been used recently before removing high-risk privileges. Which principle would a reviewer use to defend this design?

  1. Last-accessed data informs least-privilege reviews but does not prove a permission is universally unnecessary
  2. Access Analyzer detects eligible resource trust outside its zone of trust
  3. Savings Plan decisions require evidence about coverage and utilization of eligible compute
  4. AWS Config checks configuration changes against evaluable rules and supports managed remediation actions

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Review IAM Access Advisor last-accessed information with supported CloudTrail evidence and workload ownership confirmation. The expected supporting evidence is: Candidates for removal have verified inactivity context and revocation tests do not break approved workflows.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Resource-based trust was not evaluated beyond local IAM identity permission reports. The stated evidence instead indicates: Role policies retain privileges indefinitely without evidence about actual service usage.

C:

Capacity commitments are purchased solely from forecast without checking historical eligible use. The stated evidence instead indicates: Role policies retain privileges indefinitely without evidence about actual service usage.

D:

Static security policy documents are not technically enforced against resource drift. The stated evidence instead indicates: Role policies retain privileges indefinitely without evidence about actual service usage.

Question 526

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: An organization has a COBOL mainframe workflow that requires staged modernization rather than a blind VM copy. Which failure mechanism should the team correct?

  1. One-time offline export cannot satisfy the narrow write-freeze window
  2. Traffic was switched to the container environment before dependent services and probes were verified
  3. All consumers wait for a nightly export despite a near-real-time freshness requirement
  4. Mainframe batch and transaction semantics were treated as if they were ordinary Linux workloads

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. Mainframe migrations need purpose-built assessment and conversion or replatform planning. The appropriate correction is: Assess the COBOL and batch-job dependencies, then evaluate AWS Transform for mainframe and supported vendor replatforming paths. The control should then be tested by verifying that A pilot demonstrates the chosen mainframe transformation path and acceptable business results.

Incorrect Answers

A:

One-time offline export cannot satisfy the narrow write-freeze window. The stated evidence instead indicates: Mainframe batch and transaction semantics were treated as if they were ordinary Linux workloads.

B:

Traffic was switched to the container environment before dependent services and probes were verified. The stated evidence instead indicates: Mainframe batch and transaction semantics were treated as if they were ordinary Linux workloads.

C:

All consumers wait for a nightly export despite a near-real-time freshness requirement. The stated evidence instead indicates: Mainframe batch and transaction semantics were treated as if they were ordinary Linux workloads.

Question 527

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: Many workload VPCs need access to a privately published service without opening routing to the provider's whole VPC. Which action would resolve the problem without adding unrelated capabilities?

  1. Introduce a centrally managed translation or proxy layer with nonoverlapping service endpoints rather than directly peering overlapping networks
  2. Use S3 Storage Lens metrics to identify expensive bucket-level and organization-wide storage trends
  3. Expose the provider through an endpoint service behind a Network Load Balancer and create consumer interface VPC endpoints
  4. Use Transit Gateway inspection VPC attachment with appliance mode and explicit symmetric inspection routes

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

AWS PrivateLink exposes a selected service to consumers without full network-to-network reachability. The required architecture outcome is: Many workload VPCs need access to a privately published service without opening routing to the provider's whole VPC. Validate this choice by checking that Consumer instances reach only the approved PrivateLink service while unrelated provider subnets remain unreachable.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Overlapping network prefixes make ordinary VPC peering route selection ambiguous. The specific problem here is that a broad VPC peering link was used where a service-scoped private access path was needed.

B:

Teams have only aggregate bills and cannot locate the source of inefficient storage usage. The specific problem here is that a broad VPC peering link was used where a service-scoped private access path was needed.

D:

The inspection design allows forward and return packets to use different stateful inspection appliances. The specific problem here is that a broad VPC peering link was used where a service-scoped private access path was needed.

Question 528

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: A global ECS deployment pulls private container images in two Regions and cannot depend on a cross-Region pull at recovery time. Which action would resolve the problem without adding unrelated capabilities?

  1. Use EC2 Image Builder pipelines for controlled image build, testing and account or Region distribution
  2. Adjust stream capacity mode or shard count and confirm partition key distribution
  3. Configure Amazon ECR cross-Region replication for the approved image repositories with regional deployment references
  4. Use CodeDeploy blue-green deployment with alternate load balancer target groups and rollback alarms

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

ECR repository replication supports regional availability of container images when configured. The required architecture outcome is: A global ECS deployment pulls private container images in two Regions and cannot depend on a cross-Region pull at recovery time. Validate this choice by checking that The released image digest is present in each target Region before workloads attempt recovery.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Each team independently patches hand-built machine images without reproducible validation. The specific problem here is that the disaster-recovery Region has no local image copy and the deployment assumes remote registry availability.

B:

Stream shard limits or skewed partition keys cannot handle incoming record throughput. The specific problem here is that the disaster-recovery Region has no local image copy and the deployment assumes remote registry availability.

D:

In-place overwriting of every production instance removed the healthy comparison environment. The specific problem here is that the disaster-recovery Region has no local image copy and the deployment assumes remote registry availability.

Question 529

An architecture review recommends this solution: Use enhanced fan-out for supported registered consumers or otherwise allocate read capacity explicitly. The motivating situation is: A Kinesis stream has adequate shard write capacity but multiple consumers compete for read throughput and fall behind. Which architectural reasoning is most accurate for the choice?

  1. Recovery objectives require tested restore outcomes, not merely completed backups
  2. Kinesis enhanced fan-out provides dedicated consumer read throughput within service limits
  3. gp3 separates baseline volume storage size from configurable IOPS and throughput within limits
  4. Enhanced networking capabilities require compatible instance types and operating-system drivers

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Use enhanced fan-out for supported registered consumers or otherwise allocate read capacity explicitly. The expected supporting evidence is: Each registered consumer receives an independent read-throughput path and lag falls during peak events.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Snapshot creation is mistaken for proof the application can actually be restored. The stated evidence instead indicates: Shared per-shard read throughput is divided among too many polling consumers.

C:

Gp2 capacity-linked performance assumptions lead to wasteful storage growth. The stated evidence instead indicates: Shared per-shard read throughput is divided among too many polling consumers.

D:

Unsupported drivers or unsuitable instance networking features cap throughput. The stated evidence instead indicates: Shared per-shard read throughput is divided among too many polling consumers.

Question 530

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: A public S3 bucket and KMS key unexpectedly trust principals outside the company's AWS organization. What should the solutions architect recommend?

  1. Enable AWS WAF logging to an appropriate destination with sensitive-data handling and analyze matched rules
  2. Design a supported Multi-AZ deployment with reconnection handling and execute maintenance drills
  3. Run IAM Access Analyzer external-access findings scoped to the organization and fix the exact resource policies
  4. Use S3 Access Points or carefully scoped bucket policies to isolate each team's required object prefixes

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Access Analyzer detects eligible resource trust outside its zone of trust. The required architecture outcome is: A public S3 bucket and KMS key unexpectedly trust principals outside the company's AWS organization. Validate this choice by checking that Cross-account access findings identify external principals and clear only when permissions are corrected.

Incorrect Answers

A:

WAF rules are deployed without visibility into which requests they affect. The specific problem here is that resource-based trust was not evaluated beyond local IAM identity permission reports.

B:

The application is exposed to one database host or zonal compute failure. The specific problem here is that resource-based trust was not evaluated beyond local IAM identity permission reports.

D:

One overbroad bucket-level policy grants both teams access to all data. The specific problem here is that resource-based trust was not evaluated beyond local IAM identity permission reports.