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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Bundle

Exam Code: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

Exam Name AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Practice Test 2

Question 10

For the enterprise requirement "A shared S3 data lake gives two analytics teams unnecessarily broad bucket access", the team implemented this change: Use S3 Access Points or carefully scoped bucket policies to isolate each team's required object prefixes. Which evidence confirms the intended behavior under test?

  1. Team A reads only its permitted dataset and an attempt to fetch team B's restricted dataset is rejected
  2. Cross-account access findings identify external principals and clear only when permissions are corrected
  3. Pending tasks become schedulable and p95 latency improves without wasting an additional empty cluster
  4. Existing and new participating accounts report eligible findings to the delegated administrator

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. S3 Access Points can support distinct access policies for shared buckets. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: A shared S3 data lake gives two analytics teams unnecessarily broad bucket access.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Cross-account access findings identify external principals and clear only when permissions are corrected. However, this does not establish the required outcome: team A reads only its permitted dataset and an attempt to fetch team B's restricted dataset is rejected.

C:

Pending tasks become schedulable and p95 latency improves without wasting an additional empty cluster. However, this does not establish the required outcome: team A reads only its permitted dataset and an attempt to fetch team B's restricted dataset is rejected.

D:

Existing and new participating accounts report eligible findings to the delegated administrator. However, this does not establish the required outcome: team A reads only its permitted dataset and an attempt to fetch team B's restricted dataset is rejected.

Question 11

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: A collection of EC2 workers shares POSIX files and needs common file semantics while scaling workers separately. What design change should the team implement?

  1. Migrate shared application files to Amazon EFS with appropriate mount targets and throughput configuration
  2. Estimate transfer duration and select online versus physical transfer based on throughput, change rate and cutoff window
  3. Redesign notifications into event-driven processing using EventBridge or SQS with idempotent consumers
  4. Extract suitable endpoints to API Gateway and Lambda with explicit authentication, throttling and timeout controls

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

EFS provides managed shared NFS file storage for distributed Linux clients. The required architecture outcome is: A collection of EC2 workers shares POSIX files and needs common file semantics while scaling workers separately. Validate this choice by checking that Independently scaled workers can access the same files over supported NFS semantics.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A simple online copy was selected without calculating network capacity and transfer duration. The specific problem here is that local instance disks are wrongly used as a shared durable POSIX file system.

C:

Tight synchronous coupling propagates a noncritical downstream failure to the primary transaction. The specific problem here is that local instance disks are wrongly used as a shared durable POSIX file system.

D:

Always-on monolith capacity is required merely to handle infrequent independent endpoints. The specific problem here is that local instance disks are wrongly used as a shared durable POSIX file system.

Question 12

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: At the API web-ACL layer, apply selective per-source request-rate controls against repeated abusive HTTP requests from one source network while other clients continue normally; a broad DDoS support subscription alone is insufficient. Requirement B: An order workflow needs state-level retries for transient failures and must not repeat completed side effects. Choose TWO targeted remedies for A and B.

  1. Add AWS WAF rate-based rules scoped to the API's web ACL with suitable action and monitoring
  2. Define AWS Step Functions state-machine Retry and Catch behavior with idempotent service tasks
  3. Configure S3 lifecycle transitions to a suitable archival storage class and test retrieval times
  4. Deploy a supported RDS Multi-AZ configuration and verify connection retry and DNS handling
  5. Evaluate AWS Shield Advanced with supported resource protection and runbooks alongside layered edge controls

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A public API has repeated abusive requests from a single source network but normal distributed traffic should continue. WAF rate-based rules can limit excessive HTTP request patterns by aggregation key. A direct acceptance check is: The abusive source crosses its request threshold and is blocked without blocking allowed sample traffic.

B:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: An order orchestration needs safe retry handling for transient service failures without rerunning completed prior steps. Step Functions supports explicit state-level retry and error handling but side effects still require idempotency. A direct acceptance check is: A simulated transient error is retried according to policy and a persistent error follows a defined failure branch.

Incorrect Answers

C:

S3 storage lifecycle transitions can reduce storage expense, but they do not create a selective WAF per-source request-rate rule or prevent duplicate order-workflow side effects during transient retries.

D:

RDS Multi-AZ supports database failover during an availability-zone failure; it neither isolates abusive HTTP traffic at the API edge nor defines idempotent Step Functions retry and catch behavior.

E:

AWS Shield Advanced provides coordinated DDoS protection for eligible resources, but this scenario requires a specific API web-ACL rate-based control that throttles one abusive source while allowing normal traffic. A subscription and response runbook do not define that per-source WAF rule, nor Step Functions retry/idempotency behavior.

Question 13

For the enterprise requirement "Hundreds of EC2 hosts need scheduled patch windows with evidence of patch compliance and approved maintenance boundaries", the team implemented this change: Use Systems Manager Patch Manager with patch baselines and maintenance-window runbooks. Which test result proves this architecture satisfies its stated constraint?

  1. A deliberately noncompliant bucket triggers the configured corrective control and audit records
  2. Compliance reports show applied baselines and chosen hosts patched only during approved windows
  3. A retry resumes the failed state without independently rerunning successful steps and errors are visible in execution history
  4. Database failover restarts service within the tested objective after a zone loss

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. Systems Manager supports fleet patching with centralized baselines and maintenance windows. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: Hundreds of EC2 hosts need scheduled patch windows with evidence of patch compliance and approved maintenance boundaries.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A deliberately noncompliant bucket triggers the configured corrective control and audit records. However, this does not establish the required outcome: compliance reports show applied baselines and chosen hosts patched only during approved windows.

C:

A retry resumes the failed state without independently rerunning successful steps and errors are visible in execution history. However, this does not establish the required outcome: compliance reports show applied baselines and chosen hosts patched only during approved windows.

D:

That evidence is associated with a separate architecture requirement: A mission-critical RDS instance is single-AZ and routine maintenance causes extended application downtime. It does not prove that this case was remediated. The relevant observation must be: Compliance reports show applied baselines and chosen hosts patched only during approved windows. The associated design principle is: Systems Manager supports fleet patching with centralized baselines and maintenance windows.

Question 14

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: A service currently stores a database password in deployment environment text and needs managed rotation without code updates. Which architecture decision best meets that precise requirement?

  1. Update the KMS key policy or grants alongside the principal's IAM permissions as required
  2. Move the secret to AWS Secrets Manager and adopt controlled retrieval and rotation integration
  3. Configure IAM role federation with OIDC trust subject restrictions for the external build identity
  4. Configure Amazon ECR cross-Region replication for the approved image repositories with regional deployment references

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Secrets Manager can store and rotate secrets with applications retrieving current authorized values. The required architecture outcome is: A service currently stores a database password in deployment environment text and needs managed rotation without code updates. Validate this choice by checking that A rotation completes, the application authenticates with the new value, and old credentials are not exposed.

Incorrect Answers

A:

IAM principal permission was mistaken for sufficient access despite a restrictive KMS key policy. The specific problem here is that a static password in deployment parameters cannot be centrally rotated safely.

C:

Static IAM user access keys were embedded in the external CI configuration. The specific problem here is that a static password in deployment parameters cannot be centrally rotated safely.

D:

The disaster-recovery Region has no local image copy and the deployment assumes remote registry availability. The specific problem here is that a static password in deployment parameters cannot be centrally rotated safely.

Question 15

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: A business-critical order API has no measured user-facing latency objective and responders cannot tell if changes make availability worse. What original architectural gap most directly explains the failure?

  1. Engineers measure host utilization but not the outcomes experienced by users
  2. Metrics and logs are not organized into actionable per-service operational signals
  3. Instances remain oversized based only on purchase history rather than performance evidence
  4. Console edits accumulate because no one compares deployed state with infrastructure definitions

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. Operational excellence requires observable application SLOs tied to business-critical behavior. The appropriate correction is: Define service level indicators and targets in CloudWatch dashboards and alarms grounded in request success and p95 latency. The control should then be tested by verifying that Release decisions reference tracked error rate and latency burn rather than raw instance uptime alone.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Metrics and logs are not organized into actionable per-service operational signals. The stated evidence instead indicates: Engineers measure host utilization but not the outcomes experienced by users.

C:

Instances remain oversized based only on purchase history rather than performance evidence. The stated evidence instead indicates: Engineers measure host utilization but not the outcomes experienced by users.

D:

Console edits accumulate because no one compares deployed state with infrastructure definitions. The stated evidence instead indicates: Engineers measure host utilization but not the outcomes experienced by users.

Question 16

An architecture review recommends this solution: Instrument eligible application components with AWS X-Ray tracing or supported distributed tracing correlation. The motivating situation is: A distributed transaction takes too long but the application log contains no per-hop timing breakdown. Why is this architecture appropriate for the described workload?

  1. CloudFormation drift assessment detects deviations from supported template-managed resource properties
  2. Distributed tracing provides span-level request-path visibility across instrumented services
  3. AWS Health can surface AWS-side events relevant to affected resources and accounts
  4. CloudFront Origin Shield can consolidate cache misses through an additional regional layer

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Instrument eligible application components with AWS X-Ray tracing or supported distributed tracing correlation. The expected supporting evidence is: A test transaction shows the slow downstream dependency and request trace span timing.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Console edits accumulate because no one compares deployed state with infrastructure definitions. The stated evidence instead indicates: Uncorrelated logs hide where the end-to-end latency accumulates.

C:

Service-specific Health notifications are not routed into incident processes. The stated evidence instead indicates: Uncorrelated logs hide where the end-to-end latency accumulates.

D:

Misses from different edge caches repeatedly burden the same origin. The stated evidence instead indicates: Uncorrelated logs hide where the end-to-end latency accumulates.

Question 17

An architecture review recommends this solution: Configure redundant site-to-site VPN tunnels as the tested backup to the Direct Connect path. The motivating situation is: A company uses Direct Connect for normal hybrid traffic but needs encrypted emergency connectivity if carrier circuits fail. Which architectural reasoning is most accurate for the choice?

  1. A tested secondary encrypted tunnel path can carry critical traffic while primary private connectivity is unavailable
  2. Stateful network inspection requires symmetric paths through the selected inspection appliance
  3. Route 53 health-check failover can redirect future DNS resolutions between operational regional endpoints
  4. Overlapping address spaces require translation or service-level isolation rather than simple routed peering

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Configure redundant site-to-site VPN tunnels as the tested backup to the Direct Connect path. The expected supporting evidence is: A simulated Direct Connect failure moves approved routes to VPN tunnels and restore reverses route preference.

Incorrect Answers

B:

The inspection design allows forward and return packets to use different stateful inspection appliances. The stated evidence instead indicates: There is no independently functioning VPN path when private connectivity goes down.

C:

The backup Region exists but DNS routing never changes after primary endpoint failure. The stated evidence instead indicates: There is no independently functioning VPN path when private connectivity goes down.

D:

Overlapping network prefixes make ordinary VPC peering route selection ambiguous. The stated evidence instead indicates: There is no independently functioning VPN path when private connectivity goes down.

Question 18

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: Finance needs engineering costs apportioned by team using tags rather than guessed from account totals. Which root cause is most consistent with the observation?

  1. Previous-month charges were presented as accurate forecasts for an expanded future footprint
  2. Resource tags were never activated as billing cost allocation dimensions
  3. Savings recommendations exist in separate consoles and are double counted in spreadsheets
  4. The remote principal has S3 object access but lacks required key-policy and IAM decrypt permission

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. Cost allocation tags must be activated before they appear in billing cost analytics. The appropriate correction is: Activate standardized cost allocation tags and enforce tagging through governance processes. The control should then be tested by verifying that Cost and Usage Reports or Cost Explorer show tagged team spend after activation and reporting delay.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Previous-month charges were presented as accurate forecasts for an expanded future footprint. The stated evidence instead indicates: Resource tags were never activated as billing cost allocation dimensions.

C:

Savings recommendations exist in separate consoles and are double counted in spreadsheets. The stated evidence instead indicates: Resource tags were never activated as billing cost allocation dimensions.

D:

The remote principal has S3 object access but lacks required key-policy and IAM decrypt permission. The stated evidence instead indicates: Resource tags were never activated as billing cost allocation dimensions.

Question 19

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: A large retail monolith has tightly coupled inventory, checkout and customer modules that scale as one deployment. What explains why the stated requirement was not met?

  1. A one-time export leaves days of writes uncopied before final deployment
  2. Migration estimates are based solely on outdated procurement records rather than measured workload behavior
  3. The only purpose of a 24/7 server is occasional timer-based work
  4. Shared data and internal method calls prevent independent deployment and scale

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. Domain-aligned service boundaries require APIs and deliberate data ownership separation. The appropriate correction is: Identify bounded contexts and isolate independently deployable modules with explicit APIs and data ownership. The control should then be tested by verifying that Inventory changes can deploy without forcing unrelated checkout and customer workflows through full regression.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A one-time export leaves days of writes uncopied before final deployment. The stated evidence instead indicates: Shared data and internal method calls prevent independent deployment and scale.

B:

Migration estimates are based solely on outdated procurement records rather than measured workload behavior. The stated evidence instead indicates: Shared data and internal method calls prevent independent deployment and scale.

C:

The only purpose of a 24/7 server is occasional timer-based work. The stated evidence instead indicates: Shared data and internal method calls prevent independent deployment and scale.

Question 20

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: A personal-health-record system has strict regional data residency and encryption obligations before any cloud transfer. Which option best aligns with the business and technical requirement?

  1. Classify applications through a defined 7 Rs migration assessment with business value, risk and retirement criteria
  2. Classify sensitive datasets and map AWS Regions, key ownership and access controls before selecting migration waves
  3. Assess schema, procedural conversion complexity and application query compatibility using suitable database migration assessment tools
  4. Package services into supported containers and deploy with ECS on Fargate and scalable load balancing

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Regulatory and data-classification constraints affect target location and migration scope. The required architecture outcome is: A personal-health-record system has strict regional data residency and encryption obligations before any cloud transfer. Validate this choice by checking that An approved target design demonstrates residency and encryption enforcement before copying production records.

Incorrect Answers

A:

All assets are scheduled for direct rehost even when some are obsolete or unsuitable. The specific problem here is that migration scheduling ignored data classification and jurisdictional control requirements.

C:

Database engine migration was assumed to be a simple homogeneous replication job. The specific problem here is that migration scheduling ignored data classification and jurisdictional control requirements.

D:

Dedicated EC2 servers remain the scaling bottleneck for stateless containerized workloads. The specific problem here is that migration scheduling ignored data classification and jurisdictional control requirements.