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CNCF CKA Practice Test 19

Question 180

At Pinecrest logistics, in a sandbox Kubernetes cluster during a recovery tabletop exercise: The kubeadm control plane on worker-c is due for a supported Kubernetes version review before a maintenance upgrade. Work only within the stated target and verify before declaring success. Which operational control most directly prevents this failure or configuration drift?

  1. Gate control-plane upgrades on tested backup, maintenance sequencing and rollback procedures.
  2. Include schedulability restoration in maintenance completion checklists.
  3. Avoid logging join tokens and rotate or expire temporary bootstrap credentials promptly.
  4. Require a validated backup and version-skew plan before applying kubeadm upgrades.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Require a validated backup and version-skew plan before applying kubeadm upgrades. This reduces recurrence of the specific operational failure. It reinforces the action: Run sudo kubeadm upgrade plan on the eligible control-plane host after checking package and version prerequisites. The relevant mechanism is: Upgrade plan reports reachable upgrade targets and version skew considerations without applying a new control-plane version. Applied here, the relevant facts are: on worker-c is due for a supported Kubernetes version review before a maintenance upgrade. Work only within the stated target and verify before declaring success. The question asks which operational control most directly prevents this failure or configuration drift.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The suggested review tracks a different technical risk: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. Here the sustained control must address: Upgrade plan reports reachable upgrade targets and version skew considerations without applying a new control-plane version. Choose “Require a validated backup and version-skew plan before applying kubeadm upgrades”.

B:

That safeguard is relevant to: Uncordon clears the Node's unschedulable status; it does not guarantee any particular Pod will be placed there. The current failure instead follows from: Upgrade plan reports reachable upgrade targets and version skew considerations without applying a new control-plane version. Its prevention measure is “Require a validated backup and version-skew plan before applying kubeadm upgrades”.

C:

This routine guards against another mechanism: Bootstrap join tokens are sensitive credentials and a short TTL reduces the period in which a leaked token could be abused. The recurring exposure in the current case is: Upgrade plan reports reachable upgrade targets and version skew considerations without applying a new control-plane version. The matching preventive check is “Require a validated backup and version-skew plan before applying kubeadm upgrades”.

Question 181

At Northstar finance, in an isolated training cluster during a scheduled maintenance rehearsal: The training control plane has a verified kubeadm upgrade plan and approved target v1.35.1; execute only the supported control-plane upgrade phase. Work only within the stated target and verify before declaring success. Which command or initial safe diagnostic step best addresses the stated lab task?

  1. Run kubectl apply --dry-run=server -f ./crds/invoice-api.yaml and review validation failures before any actual apply.
  2. On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.1 after backups and component compatibility checks.
  3. Run sudo kubeadm upgrade plan on the eligible control-plane host after checking package and version prerequisites.
  4. Run sudo kubeadm token create --ttl 15m --print-join-command on an authorized control-plane host and keep the output confidential.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.1 after backups and component compatibility checks. This is the appropriate command-line action or first safe diagnostic. The technical reason is: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. Validate the result with: Run kubectl get nodes -o wide and kubectl get pods -n kube-system after the subsequent kubelet-upgrade steps. Execute changes only in an authorized disposable lab or after normal production change controls.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The offered action targets: Server-side dry-run evaluates admission and resource schema without persisting the CRD when supported by the relevant admission stack. The case facts point instead to: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. Implement “On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.1 after backups and component compatibility checks” to address that specific condition.

C:

The proposed action belongs to the mechanism: Upgrade plan reports reachable upgrade targets and version skew considerations without applying a new control-plane version. Here the stated fault follows a different mechanism: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. The corrective choice is “On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.1 after backups and component compatibility checks”.

D:

The offered action targets: Bootstrap join tokens are sensitive credentials and a short TTL reduces the period in which a leaked token could be abused. The case facts point instead to: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. Implement “On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.1 after backups and component compatibility checks” to address that specific condition.

Question 182

At Northstar finance, in an isolated training cluster during a scheduled maintenance rehearsal: The training control plane has a verified kubeadm upgrade plan and approved target v1.35.1; execute only the supported control-plane upgrade phase. Work only within the stated target and verify before declaring success. Which Kubernetes behavior best explains the required change or diagnosis?

  1. A consistent etcd snapshot preserves control-plane state; an unauthenticated network copy is not a substitute.
  2. Upgrade plan reports reachable upgrade targets and version skew considerations without applying a new control-plane version.
  3. Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work.
  4. Helm maintains release revisions and renders templates; an install-or-upgrade path avoids treating an existing release as a new deployment.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. This explains the stated condition. The corresponding action is: On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.1 after backups and component compatibility checks. The direct acceptance evidence is: Run kubectl get nodes -o wide and kubectl get pods -n kube-system after the subsequent kubelet-upgrade steps.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This principle describes a separate cause: A consistent etcd snapshot preserves control-plane state; an unauthenticated network copy is not a substitute. The reported condition is governed by: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. The two mechanisms should not be conflated.

B:

Upgrade plan reports reachable upgrade targets and version skew considerations without applying a new control-plane version. That explanation applies to a different technical failure. Here the controlling principle is: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work.

D:

This principle describes a separate cause: Helm maintains release revisions and renders templates; an install-or-upgrade path avoids treating an existing release as a new deployment. The reported condition is governed by: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. The two mechanisms should not be conflated.

Question 183

At Northstar finance, in an isolated training cluster during a scheduled maintenance rehearsal: The training control plane has a verified kubeadm upgrade plan and approved target v1.35.1; execute only the supported control-plane upgrade phase. Work only within the stated target and verify before declaring success. Which observation best verifies the requested outcome rather than an unrelated state?

  1. Run kubectl describe node worker-a and inspect the Taints field for the intended key, value and effect.
  2. Run kubectl get node worker-a --show-labels and inspect workloads' node selectors.
  3. Run sudo etcdutl snapshot status /var/backups/invoice-api.db -w table and confirm a readable snapshot.
  4. Run kubectl get nodes -o wide and kubectl get pods -n kube-system after the subsequent kubelet-upgrade steps.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Run kubectl get nodes -o wide and kubectl get pods -n kube-system after the subsequent kubelet-upgrade steps. This validates the affected object or control path, rather than only showing a command completed. The underlying reason is: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. The intended action is: On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.1 after backups and component compatibility checks.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The alternative verifies a different condition: A NoSchedule taint repels Pods without a matching toleration but does not automatically evict already running Pods. The current case instead depends on: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. Confirm that “Run kubectl get nodes -o wide and kubectl get pods -n kube-system after the subsequent kubelet-upgrade steps”.

B:

That test belongs to another control with this basis: Node labels are discoverable metadata matched by selectors; a node label alone does not create a workload restriction. In the current case, the governing reason is: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. The direct verification is “Run kubectl get nodes -o wide and kubectl get pods -n kube-system after the subsequent kubelet-upgrade steps”.

C:

This observation would test a different technical dependency: A consistent etcd snapshot preserves control-plane state; an unauthenticated network copy is not a substitute. The current issue is governed by: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. Its decisive check is “Run kubectl get nodes -o wide and kubectl get pods -n kube-system after the subsequent kubelet-upgrade steps”.

Question 184

At Northstar finance, in an isolated training cluster during a scheduled maintenance rehearsal: The training control plane has a verified kubeadm upgrade plan and approved target v1.35.1; execute only the supported control-plane upgrade phase. Work only within the stated target and verify before declaring success. Which operational control most directly prevents this failure or configuration drift?

  1. Gate control-plane upgrades on tested backup, maintenance sequencing and rollback procedures.
  2. Include schedulability restoration in maintenance completion checklists.
  3. Store join credentials only in approved short-lived channels and verify the new node is assigned to the intended cluster.
  4. Reconcile taints with workload tolerations and document dedicated-node policies.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Gate control-plane upgrades on tested backup, maintenance sequencing and rollback procedures. This reduces recurrence of the specific operational failure. It reinforces the action: On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.1 after backups and component compatibility checks. The relevant mechanism is: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This routine guards against another mechanism: Uncordon clears the Node's unschedulable status; it does not guarantee any particular Pod will be placed there. The recurring exposure in the current case is: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. The matching preventive check is “Gate control-plane upgrades on tested backup, maintenance sequencing and rollback procedures”.

C:

The suggested review tracks a different technical risk: A worker joins through trusted control-plane discovery and TLS bootstrap; a random API endpoint or mismatched CA hash is unsafe. Here the sustained control must address: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. Choose “Gate control-plane upgrades on tested backup, maintenance sequencing and rollback procedures”.

D:

That safeguard is relevant to: A NoSchedule taint repels Pods without a matching toleration but does not automatically evict already running Pods. The current failure instead follows from: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. Its prevention measure is “Gate control-plane upgrades on tested backup, maintenance sequencing and rollback procedures”.

Question 185

At Horizon observability, in a disposable simulated environment during a monitored release window: The training control plane has a verified kubeadm upgrade plan and approved target v1.35.2; execute only the supported control-plane upgrade phase. Work only within the stated target and verify before declaring success. Which command or initial safe diagnostic step best addresses the stated lab task?

  1. Run helm upgrade --install metrics-api ./charts/metrics-api --namespace observability --create-namespace --set replicaCount=4 after inspecting values.
  2. Run sudo ETCDCTL_API=3 etcdctl --endpoints=https://127.0.0.1:2379 --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/healthcheck-client.crt --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/healthcheck-client.key snapshot save /var/backups/dispatch-api.db once the directory exists.
  3. On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.2 after backups and component compatibility checks.
  4. Run sudo kubeadm token create --ttl 15m --print-join-command on an authorized control-plane host and keep the output confidential.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.2 after backups and component compatibility checks. This is the appropriate command-line action or first safe diagnostic. The technical reason is: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. Validate the result with: Run kubectl get nodes -o wide and kubectl get pods -n kube-system after the subsequent kubelet-upgrade steps. Execute changes only in an authorized disposable lab or after normal production change controls.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This alternative is a response to another technical cause: Helm maintains release revisions and renders templates; an install-or-upgrade path avoids treating an existing release as a new deployment. The reported case instead depends on: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. The action that directly addresses it is “On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.2 after backups and component compatibility checks”.

B:

The proposed action belongs to the mechanism: A consistent etcd snapshot preserves control-plane state; an unauthenticated network copy is not a substitute. Here the stated fault follows a different mechanism: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. The corrective choice is “On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.2 after backups and component compatibility checks”.

D:

This alternative is a response to another technical cause: Bootstrap join tokens are sensitive credentials and a short TTL reduces the period in which a leaked token could be abused. The reported case instead depends on: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. The action that directly addresses it is “On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.2 after backups and component compatibility checks”.

Question 186

At Horizon observability, in a disposable simulated environment during a monitored release window: The training control plane has a verified kubeadm upgrade plan and approved target v1.35.2; execute only the supported control-plane upgrade phase. Work only within the stated target and verify before declaring success. Which Kubernetes behavior best explains the required change or diagnosis?

  1. Node labels are discoverable metadata matched by selectors; a node label alone does not create a workload restriction.
  2. A worker joins through trusted control-plane discovery and TLS bootstrap; a random API endpoint or mismatched CA hash is unsafe.
  3. Upgrade plan reports reachable upgrade targets and version skew considerations without applying a new control-plane version.
  4. Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. This explains the stated condition. The corresponding action is: On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.2 after backups and component compatibility checks. The direct acceptance evidence is: Run kubectl get nodes -o wide and kubectl get pods -n kube-system after the subsequent kubelet-upgrade steps.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Node labels are discoverable metadata matched by selectors; a node label alone does not create a workload restriction. That explanation applies to a different technical failure. Here the controlling principle is: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work.

B:

The offered statement is true for this other mechanism: A worker joins through trusted control-plane discovery and TLS bootstrap; a random API endpoint or mismatched CA hash is unsafe. It does not explain the facts described here, which follow from: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work.

C:

This principle describes a separate cause: Upgrade plan reports reachable upgrade targets and version skew considerations without applying a new control-plane version. The reported condition is governed by: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. The two mechanisms should not be conflated.

Question 187

At Horizon observability, in a disposable simulated environment during a monitored release window: The training control plane has a verified kubeadm upgrade plan and approved target v1.35.2; execute only the supported control-plane upgrade phase. Work only within the stated target and verify before declaring success. Which observation best verifies the requested outcome rather than an unrelated state?

  1. Run kubectl get nodes -o wide and kubectl get pods -n kube-system after the subsequent kubelet-upgrade steps.
  2. Inspect the reported current and candidate versions, component compatibility and upgrade preflight warnings.
  3. Run sudo etcdutl snapshot status /var/backups/metrics-api.db -w table and confirm a readable snapshot.
  4. Confirm the command passes and use kubectl get crds to verify no unintended CRD was persisted.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Run kubectl get nodes -o wide and kubectl get pods -n kube-system after the subsequent kubelet-upgrade steps. This validates the affected object or control path, rather than only showing a command completed. The underlying reason is: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. The intended action is: On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.2 after backups and component compatibility checks.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This observation would test a different technical dependency: Upgrade plan reports reachable upgrade targets and version skew considerations without applying a new control-plane version. The current issue is governed by: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. Its decisive check is “Run kubectl get nodes -o wide and kubectl get pods -n kube-system after the subsequent kubelet-upgrade steps”.

C:

The alternative verifies a different condition: A consistent etcd snapshot preserves control-plane state; an unauthenticated network copy is not a substitute. The current case instead depends on: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. Confirm that “Run kubectl get nodes -o wide and kubectl get pods -n kube-system after the subsequent kubelet-upgrade steps”.

D:

That test belongs to another control with this basis: Server-side dry-run evaluates admission and resource schema without persisting the CRD when supported by the relevant admission stack. In the current case, the governing reason is: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. The direct verification is “Run kubectl get nodes -o wide and kubectl get pods -n kube-system after the subsequent kubelet-upgrade steps”.

Question 188

At Horizon observability, in a disposable simulated environment during a monitored release window: The training control plane has a verified kubeadm upgrade plan and approved target v1.35.2; execute only the supported control-plane upgrade phase. Work only within the stated target and verify before declaring success. Which operational control most directly prevents this failure or configuration drift?

  1. Store join credentials only in approved short-lived channels and verify the new node is assigned to the intended cluster.
  2. Gate control-plane upgrades on tested backup, maintenance sequencing and rollback procedures.
  3. Avoid logging join tokens and rotate or expire temporary bootstrap credentials promptly.
  4. Test restoration in an isolated environment and protect snapshot files as sensitive cluster state.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Gate control-plane upgrades on tested backup, maintenance sequencing and rollback procedures. This reduces recurrence of the specific operational failure. It reinforces the action: On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.2 after backups and component compatibility checks. The relevant mechanism is: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This routine guards against another mechanism: A worker joins through trusted control-plane discovery and TLS bootstrap; a random API endpoint or mismatched CA hash is unsafe. The recurring exposure in the current case is: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. The matching preventive check is “Gate control-plane upgrades on tested backup, maintenance sequencing and rollback procedures”.

C:

That safeguard is relevant to: Bootstrap join tokens are sensitive credentials and a short TTL reduces the period in which a leaked token could be abused. The current failure instead follows from: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. Its prevention measure is “Gate control-plane upgrades on tested backup, maintenance sequencing and rollback procedures”.

D:

This routine guards against another mechanism: A consistent etcd snapshot preserves control-plane state; an unauthenticated network copy is not a substitute. The recurring exposure in the current case is: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. The matching preventive check is “Gate control-plane upgrades on tested backup, maintenance sequencing and rollback procedures”.

Question 189

At Pinecrest logistics, in a sandbox Kubernetes cluster during a recovery tabletop exercise: The training control plane has a verified kubeadm upgrade plan and approved target v1.35.3; execute only the supported control-plane upgrade phase. Work only within the stated target and verify before declaring success. Which command or initial safe diagnostic step best addresses the stated lab task?

  1. Run sudo kubeadm upgrade plan on the eligible control-plane host after checking package and version prerequisites.
  2. Run sudo etcdutl snapshot status /var/backups/dispatch-api.db -w table on a compatible administrative host.
  3. Run kubectl create clusterrole dispatch-api-node-reader --verb=get,list --resource=nodes.
  4. On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.3 after backups and component compatibility checks.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.3 after backups and component compatibility checks. This is the appropriate command-line action or first safe diagnostic. The technical reason is: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. Validate the result with: Run kubectl get nodes -o wide and kubectl get pods -n kube-system after the subsequent kubelet-upgrade steps. Execute changes only in an authorized disposable lab or after normal production change controls.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The proposed action belongs to the mechanism: Upgrade plan reports reachable upgrade targets and version skew considerations without applying a new control-plane version. Here the stated fault follows a different mechanism: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. The corrective choice is “On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.3 after backups and component compatibility checks”.

B:

The offered action targets: The snapshot-status tool inspects backup metadata without modifying the running etcd member or performing a restore. The case facts point instead to: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. Implement “On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.3 after backups and component compatibility checks” to address that specific condition.

C:

This alternative is a response to another technical cause: Nodes are cluster-scoped and their access rules belong in a ClusterRole rather than a namespaced Role. The reported case instead depends on: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. The action that directly addresses it is “On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.3 after backups and component compatibility checks”.

Question 190

At Pinecrest logistics, in a sandbox Kubernetes cluster during a recovery tabletop exercise: The training control plane has a verified kubeadm upgrade plan and approved target v1.35.3; execute only the supported control-plane upgrade phase. Work only within the stated target and verify before declaring success. Which Kubernetes behavior best explains the required change or diagnosis?

  1. Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work.
  2. Server-side dry-run evaluates admission and resource schema without persisting the CRD when supported by the relevant admission stack.
  3. Upgrade plan reports reachable upgrade targets and version skew considerations without applying a new control-plane version.
  4. A worker joins through trusted control-plane discovery and TLS bootstrap; a random API endpoint or mismatched CA hash is unsafe.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. This explains the stated condition. The corresponding action is: On the control-plane host with the matching kubeadm package, run sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.35.3 after backups and component compatibility checks. The direct acceptance evidence is: Run kubectl get nodes -o wide and kubectl get pods -n kube-system after the subsequent kubelet-upgrade steps.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This principle describes a separate cause: Server-side dry-run evaluates admission and resource schema without persisting the CRD when supported by the relevant admission stack. The reported condition is governed by: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work. The two mechanisms should not be conflated.

C:

Upgrade plan reports reachable upgrade targets and version skew considerations without applying a new control-plane version. That explanation applies to a different technical failure. Here the controlling principle is: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work.

D:

The offered statement is true for this other mechanism: A worker joins through trusted control-plane discovery and TLS bootstrap; a random API endpoint or mismatched CA hash is unsafe. It does not explain the facts described here, which follow from: Kubeadm upgrade apply updates the managed control-plane configuration; kubelet packages and other nodes require separate coordinated work.