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Microsoft SC-900 Bundle

Exam Code: SC-900

Exam Name Microsoft Security, Compliance, and Identity Fundamentals

Certification Provider: Microsoft

Corresponding Certification: Microsoft Certified: Security, Compliance, and Identity Fundamentals

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Microsoft SC-900 Practice Test 12

Question 110

At the Elmhurst recruitment company, a reporting tool receives write permissions although its only function is to display records. What risk should the team identify as the primary issue?

  1. Cloud resources and remote workers reduce the usefulness of fixed network location as the only security boundary
  2. Authorization controls permitted actions and excessive write rights are not necessary for a read-only requirement
  3. A documented baseline only reduces risk when deployed systems remain aligned with it
  4. Availability concerns timely access to systems and data whereas confidentiality concerns unauthorized disclosure

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This identifies the root issue: authorization controls permitted actions and excessive write rights are not necessary for a read-only requirement. At the Elmhurst recruitment company, the team should therefore grant a resource-scoped read permission that matches the application's approved operations.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This explanation belongs to a different security or compliance situation. In this case, the observable gap is that authorization controls permitted actions and excessive write rights are not necessary for a read-only requirement. For the Elmhurst recruitment company, the direct corrective action is to grant a resource-scoped read permission that matches the application's approved operations.

C:

The proposed cause is relevant to security baseline drift, but it does not explain why authorization controls permitted actions and excessive write rights are not necessary for a read-only requirement in the reported case. For the Elmhurst recruitment company, the direct corrective action is to grant a resource-scoped read permission that matches the application's approved operations.

D:

Availability concerns timely access to systems and data whereas confidentiality concerns unauthorized disclosure. That is not the mechanism that accounts for the stated failure at the Elmhurst recruitment company.

Question 111

At the Elmhurst recruitment company, a reporting tool receives write permissions although its only function is to display records. What is the strongest acceptance test for this change?

  1. The reporting tool reads the permitted record but its attempted modification is denied
  2. The job runs under its approved nonhuman identity after the employee account is disabled
  3. A test password matches its stored verifier without any feature that decrypts a stored password digest
  4. An intentionally weakened test configuration is identified as noncompliant and assigned remediation

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Because authorization controls permitted actions and excessive write rights are not necessary for a read-only requirement, the required evidence must show that the reporting tool reads the permitted record but its attempted modification is denied. A green job status alone is insufficient. This result addresses the stated challenge at the Elmhurst recruitment company.

Incorrect Answers

B:

At the Elmhurst recruitment company, a result about human versus service identity would not show that the team corrected the failure where authorization controls permitted actions and excessive write rights are not necessary for a read-only requirement.

C:

The alternative checks whether a test password matches its stored verifier without any feature that decrypts a stored password digest, which is not the direct acceptance criterion for the stated problem. The required result is that the reporting tool reads the permitted record but its attempted modification is denied. For the Elmhurst recruitment company, the direct corrective action is to grant a resource-scoped read permission that matches the application's approved operations.

D:

This result would validate security baseline drift, not the intended improvement. The needed observation is that the reporting tool reads the permitted record but its attempted modification is denied. For the Elmhurst recruitment company, the direct corrective action is to grant a resource-scoped read permission that matches the application's approved operations.

Question 112

At the Elmhurst recruitment company, a reporting tool receives write permissions although its only function is to display records. Which setting or practice should be reviewed in future?

  1. Recertify application role scopes when functions change
  2. Review identity policies as cloud and remote access expand
  3. Update risk ratings when asset importance or threat exposure changes
  4. Test lateral movement controls when new internal networks are connected

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

After implementation, the team should recertify application role scopes when functions change as the appropriate recurring safeguard against the identified issue. This result addresses the stated challenge at the Elmhurst recruitment company.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This is a maintenance action for a different security or compliance situation, rather than the one that originally failed because authorization controls permitted actions and excessive write rights are not necessary for a read-only requirement. For the Elmhurst recruitment company, the direct corrective action is to grant a resource-scoped read permission that matches the application's approved operations.

C:

The option would have the team update risk ratings when asset importance or threat exposure changes. For this situation, the preventive control should instead be to recertify application role scopes when functions change. For the Elmhurst recruitment company, the direct corrective action is to grant a resource-scoped read permission that matches the application's approved operations.

D:

Although the proposed practice may address cases where assume-breach architecture seeks to limit lateral movement and detect suspicious activity inside trusted-looking networks, it does not maintain the specific correction here. For the Elmhurst recruitment company, the direct corrective action is to grant a resource-scoped read permission that matches the application's approved operations.

Question 113

At the Stonehaven manufacturing company, permissions are granted individually to hundreds of users and become inconsistent as they change teams. Which corrective action best meets the requirement?

  1. Authenticate the user identity separately from authorizing the specific file action
  2. Assign guest operating system updates to the tenant team for its IaaS virtual machines
  3. Use appropriately managed security groups to represent shared access requirements
  4. Use transport encryption for data moving over the network and storage encryption for data kept on media

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The reported facts support this change rather than a general platform replacement. The team should use appropriately managed security groups to represent shared access requirements because group-based authorization can make membership-based access easier to review than scattered individual grants. A suitable test confirms that a member gains the intended group-scoped resource permission while a nonmember remains denied. This result addresses the stated challenge at the Stonehaven manufacturing company.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The option addresses the separate situation where proving who a user is does not by itself grant permission to every resource. For this case, the more appropriate response is to use appropriately managed security groups to represent shared access requirements. For the Stonehaven manufacturing company, the direct corrective action is to use appropriately managed security groups to represent shared access requirements.

B:

This focuses on shared responsibility iaas guest patching; it does not directly correct the condition that group-based authorization can make membership-based access easier to review than scattered individual grants. For the Stonehaven manufacturing company, the direct corrective action is to use appropriately managed security groups to represent shared access requirements.

D:

The suggested action is to use transport encryption for data moving over the network and storage encryption for data kept on media, but the facts at the Stonehaven manufacturing company require a correction for the distinct problem that group-based authorization can make membership-based access easier to review than scattered individual grants.

Question 114

At the Stonehaven manufacturing company, permissions are granted individually to hundreds of users and become inconsistent as they change teams. Which underlying issue most directly explains this situation?

  1. A directory provides organized identity objects and attributes rather than merely an application password prompt
  2. Group-based authorization can make membership-based access easier to review than scattered individual grants
  3. Assume-breach architecture seeks to limit lateral movement and detect suspicious activity inside trusted-looking networks
  4. A documented baseline only reduces risk when deployed systems remain aligned with it

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The specific data failure is that group-based authorization can make membership-based access easier to review than scattered individual grants. It can be addressed through the controlled change to use appropriately managed security groups to represent shared access requirements. This result addresses the stated challenge at the Stonehaven manufacturing company.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The proposed cause is relevant to directory services user objects, but it does not explain why group-based authorization can make membership-based access easier to review than scattered individual grants in the reported case. For the Stonehaven manufacturing company, the direct corrective action is to use appropriately managed security groups to represent shared access requirements.

C:

The case does not describe the failure mode involving zero trust assume breach. Its core issue is that group-based authorization can make membership-based access easier to review than scattered individual grants. For the Stonehaven manufacturing company, the direct corrective action is to use appropriately managed security groups to represent shared access requirements.

D:

Although a documented baseline only reduces risk when deployed systems remain aligned with it, the presented symptoms do not support that as the primary cause; they indicate that group-based authorization can make membership-based access easier to review than scattered individual grants. For the Stonehaven manufacturing company, the direct corrective action is to use appropriately managed security groups to represent shared access requirements.

Question 115

At the Stonehaven manufacturing company, permissions are granted individually to hundreds of users and become inconsistent as they change teams. What evidence would justify considering this concern addressed?

  1. The reporting tool reads the permitted record but its attempted modification is denied
  2. An intentionally weakened test configuration is identified as noncompliant and assigned remediation
  3. A compromised VPN session without required identity and device conditions cannot access the protected resource
  4. A member gains the intended group-scoped resource permission while a nonmember remains denied

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This is the relevant acceptance result: a member gains the intended group-scoped resource permission while a nonmember remains denied. It demonstrates the outcome of choosing to use appropriately managed security groups to represent shared access requirements. This result addresses the stated challenge at the Stonehaven manufacturing company.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The alternative checks whether the reporting tool reads the permitted record but its attempted modification is denied, which is not the direct acceptance criterion for the stated problem. The required result is that a member gains the intended group-scoped resource permission while a nonmember remains denied. For the Stonehaven manufacturing company, the direct corrective action is to use appropriately managed security groups to represent shared access requirements.

B:

This result would validate security baseline drift, not the intended improvement. The needed observation is that a member gains the intended group-scoped resource permission while a nonmember remains denied. For the Stonehaven manufacturing company, the direct corrective action is to use appropriately managed security groups to represent shared access requirements.

C:

This verifies a separate issue in security administration. It does not prove that a member gains the intended group-scoped resource permission while a nonmember remains denied for the reported situation. For the Stonehaven manufacturing company, the direct corrective action is to use appropriately managed security groups to represent shared access requirements.

Question 116

At the Stonehaven manufacturing company, permissions are granted individually to hundreds of users and become inconsistent as they change teams. How should the organization sustain the improvement?

  1. Recertify application role scopes when functions change
  2. Reconcile governance objectives risk assessments and compliance evidence each reporting cycle
  3. Review group ownership and membership during staff transfers
  4. Maintain a guest patch inventory as IaaS workloads are provisioned

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The continuing safeguard is to review group ownership and membership during staff transfers. It helps avoid the original condition: group-based authorization can make membership-based access easier to review than scattered individual grants. This result addresses the stated challenge at the Stonehaven manufacturing company.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The option would have the team recertify application role scopes when functions change. For this situation, the preventive control should instead be to review group ownership and membership during staff transfers. For the Stonehaven manufacturing company, the direct corrective action is to use appropriately managed security groups to represent shared access requirements.

B:

Although the proposed practice may address cases where meeting a compliance reporting obligation does not alone prove that the underlying threat exposure has been removed, it does not maintain the specific correction here. For the Stonehaven manufacturing company, the direct corrective action is to use appropriately managed security groups to represent shared access requirements.

D:

The suggested review does not track the condition behind the incident. Sustained improvement requires the team to review group ownership and membership during staff transfers. For the Stonehaven manufacturing company, the direct corrective action is to use appropriately managed security groups to represent shared access requirements.

Question 117

At the Goldport recruitment company, an API assumes that any correctly signed token grants a finance role even if the role claim is absent. Which approach best resolves the identified risk?

  1. Evaluate trusted token claims and required roles when authorizing sensitive operations
  2. Use a directory service to manage identities and their properties group membership and related lookup data
  3. Classify the service-outage consequence under availability within the confidentiality integrity availability triad
  4. Assign guest operating system updates to the tenant team for its IaaS virtual machines

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The reported facts support this change rather than a general platform replacement. The team should evaluate trusted token claims and required roles when authorizing sensitive operations because a valid identity token proves a trusted assertion but authorization depends on the claims and policies actually present. A suitable test confirms that a token without the finance role is rejected for finance operations while a properly scoped token succeeds. This result addresses the stated challenge at the Goldport recruitment company.

Incorrect Answers

B:

The suggested action is to use a directory service to manage identities and their properties group membership and related lookup data, but the facts at the Goldport recruitment company require a correction for the distinct problem that a valid identity token proves a trusted assertion but authorization depends on the claims and policies actually present.

C:

This alternative would be suitable where availability concerns timely access to systems and data whereas confidentiality concerns unauthorized disclosure. It does not by itself resolve the need to evaluate trusted token claims and required roles when authorizing sensitive operations. For the Goldport recruitment company, the direct corrective action is to evaluate trusted token claims and required roles when authorizing sensitive operations.

D:

Assign guest operating system updates to the tenant team for its IaaS virtual machines addresses a different kind of problem: cloud infrastructure management does not ordinarily include patching the customer-controlled IaaS guest operating system. Here the reported weakness is that a valid identity token proves a trusted assertion but authorization depends on the claims and policies actually present. For the Goldport recruitment company, the direct corrective action is to evaluate trusted token claims and required roles when authorizing sensitive operations.

Question 118

At the Goldport recruitment company, an API assumes that any correctly signed token grants a finance role even if the role claim is absent. Which explanation best accounts for the concern?

  1. Account creation and removal should reflect current organizational relationships and approved access needs
  2. A valid identity token proves a trusted assertion but authorization depends on the claims and policies actually present
  3. A policy communicates a requirement but does not itself configure or verify compliant system behavior
  4. The same technical weakness can present different business risk depending on exposure and consequence

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The problem stems from the fact that a valid identity token proves a trusted assertion but authorization depends on the claims and policies actually present. A correct solution would evaluate trusted token claims and required roles when authorizing sensitive operations and check that a token without the finance role is rejected for finance operations while a properly scoped token succeeds. This result addresses the stated challenge at the Goldport recruitment company.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The case does not describe the failure mode involving identity lifecycle provisioning. Its core issue is that a valid identity token proves a trusted assertion but authorization depends on the claims and policies actually present. For the Goldport recruitment company, the direct corrective action is to evaluate trusted token claims and required roles when authorizing sensitive operations.

C:

This explanation belongs to a different security or compliance situation. In this case, the observable gap is that a valid identity token proves a trusted assertion but authorization depends on the claims and policies actually present. For the Goldport recruitment company, the direct corrective action is to evaluate trusted token claims and required roles when authorizing sensitive operations.

D:

The same technical weakness can present different business risk depending on exposure and consequence. That may occur elsewhere, but the evidence at the Goldport recruitment company instead points to the fact that a valid identity token proves a trusted assertion but authorization depends on the claims and policies actually present.

Question 119

At the Goldport recruitment company, an API assumes that any correctly signed token grants a finance role even if the role claim is absent. Which test result best shows the requirement is met?

  1. A token without the finance role is rejected for finance operations while a properly scoped token succeeds
  2. A member gains the intended group-scoped resource permission while a nonmember remains denied
  3. The risk register distinguishes insured financial exposure from tested protective controls
  4. A helpdesk user can perform an approved password reset but cannot change unrelated tenant-wide security settings

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

At the Goldport recruitment company, evidence that a token without the finance role is rejected for finance operations while a properly scoped token succeeds directly validates the correction, instead of testing a neighboring service.

Incorrect Answers

B:

The cited result is too remote from the corrective action to evaluate trusted token claims and required roles when authorizing sensitive operations. The direct evidence should show that a token without the finance role is rejected for finance operations while a properly scoped token succeeds. For the Goldport recruitment company, the direct corrective action is to evaluate trusted token claims and required roles when authorizing sensitive operations.

C:

That observation may be useful for another security or compliance workflow, but the current acceptance test must demonstrate that a token without the finance role is rejected for finance operations while a properly scoped token succeeds. For the Goldport recruitment company, the direct corrective action is to evaluate trusted token claims and required roles when authorizing sensitive operations.

D:

At the Goldport recruitment company, a result about zero trust least privilege would not show that the team corrected the failure where a valid identity token proves a trusted assertion but authorization depends on the claims and policies actually present.

Question 120

At the Goldport recruitment company, an API assumes that any correctly signed token grants a finance role even if the role claim is absent. Which ongoing control best prevents this issue from recurring?

  1. Audit directory synchronization and attributes after staff changes
  2. Recheck physical and logical responsibility boundaries after changing service models
  3. Test expected role and audience claims after application registration changes
  4. Reassess the CIA impact of system failures when business services change

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

After implementation, the team should test expected role and audience claims after application registration changes as the appropriate recurring safeguard against the identified issue. This result addresses the stated challenge at the Goldport recruitment company.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That routine supports directory services user objects, but the relevant ongoing risk requires the team to test expected role and audience claims after application registration changes. For the Goldport recruitment company, the direct corrective action is to evaluate trusted token claims and required roles when authorizing sensitive operations.

B:

The suggested review does not track the condition behind the incident. Sustained improvement requires the team to test expected role and audience claims after application registration changes. For the Goldport recruitment company, the direct corrective action is to evaluate trusted token claims and required roles when authorizing sensitive operations.

D:

This is a maintenance action for a different security or compliance situation, rather than the one that originally failed because a valid identity token proves a trusted assertion but authorization depends on the claims and policies actually present. For the Goldport recruitment company, the direct corrective action is to evaluate trusted token claims and required roles when authorizing sensitive operations.