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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Bundle

Exam Code: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Practice Test 42

Question 410

An architecture review recommends this solution: Use S3 Storage Lens or inventory analytics and implement targeted lifecycle cleanup rules. The motivating situation is: A shared S3 estate has ballooning noncurrent versions, incomplete multipart uploads and forgotten small objects. Which principle would a reviewer use to defend this design?

  1. Database performance diagnostics should identify the specific bottleneck before scaling
  2. S3 analytics and lifecycle rules target recoverable storage waste when retention is respected
  3. EBS storage billing continues for allocated volumes until they are deleted or otherwise changed
  4. Placement and traffic pattern matter to data transfer costs as much as raw compute prices

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Use S3 Storage Lens or inventory analytics and implement targeted lifecycle cleanup rules. The expected supporting evidence is: Identified buckets show smaller unnecessary version and multipart storage after retention-safe cleanup.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Engineers scale CPU without analyzing database lock waits or expensive SQL. The stated evidence instead indicates: Dormant storage versions and partial uploads accumulate without inventory or lifecycle governance.

C:

Unattached volumes are treated as free merely because they are not mounted. The stated evidence instead indicates: Dormant storage versions and partial uploads accumulate without inventory or lifecycle governance.

D:

Workload service calls repeatedly cross paid network boundaries without quantified need. The stated evidence instead indicates: Dormant storage versions and partial uploads accumulate without inventory or lifecycle governance.

Question 411

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: A product catalog on DynamoDB receives many repeated eventually consistent key lookups and requires microsecond cache responses. What was most likely overlooked in the original design?

  1. Every read request traverses the backing DynamoDB service despite highly reusable cacheable data
  2. Read-only analytical traffic saturates the production database's single writable instance
  3. Stream shard limits or skewed partition keys cannot handle incoming record throughput
  4. Unbounded request bursts overload backends because no gateway rate protection is configured

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. DAX offers managed in-memory caching for eligible DynamoDB read workloads. The appropriate correction is: Introduce DynamoDB DAX for supported cacheable read paths and check data freshness requirements. The control should then be tested by verifying that The repeated key lookup hits DAX with lower latency while noncacheable paths use the underlying table.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Read-only analytical traffic saturates the production database's single writable instance. The stated evidence instead indicates: Every read request traverses the backing DynamoDB service despite highly reusable cacheable data.

C:

Stream shard limits or skewed partition keys cannot handle incoming record throughput. The stated evidence instead indicates: Every read request traverses the backing DynamoDB service despite highly reusable cacheable data.

D:

Unbounded request bursts overload backends because no gateway rate protection is configured. The stated evidence instead indicates: Every read request traverses the backing DynamoDB service despite highly reusable cacheable data.

Question 412

An architecture review recommends this solution: Use AWS Transfer Family with a supported SFTP endpoint and appropriate identity and S3 permissions. The motivating situation is: External trading partners depend on SFTP interfaces, but the receiving application will store files in S3. Why is this architecture appropriate for the described workload?

  1. AWS Transfer Family exposes managed file-transfer protocols to supported AWS storage
  2. AWS DataSync automates supported file and object movement with verification features
  3. CDC-based event distribution can modernize delayed batch data propagation
  4. AWS Data Transfer Terminal allows eligible Enterprise Support customers to bring storage to an AWS transfer site; AWS Snowball Edge is no longer available to new customers

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Use AWS Transfer Family with a supported SFTP endpoint and appropriate identity and S3 permissions. The expected supporting evidence is: Partners connect over SFTP and transferred objects appear in assigned bucket prefixes.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Homegrown scripts do not handle incremental transfer, scheduling and verification consistently. The stated evidence instead indicates: Partners are forced to replace SFTP clients with AWS SDK calls without business approval.

C:

All consumers wait for a nightly export despite a near-real-time freshness requirement. The stated evidence instead indicates: Partners are forced to replace SFTP clients with AWS SDK calls without business approval.

D:

The migration plan assumes a new AWS Snowball Edge device can still be ordered even though new-customer ordering is unavailable. The stated evidence instead indicates: Partners are forced to replace SFTP clients with AWS SDK calls without business approval.

Question 413

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: Variable monthly expenses must trigger alerts for unusual spending spikes without predefined per-service thresholds. What original architectural gap most directly explains the failure?

  1. Ordinary regional endpoints offer neither the requested global anycast entry point nor accelerator health steering
  2. Instances were resized from average CPU alone despite memory or traffic constraints
  3. On-demand usage was left wholly uncommitted despite predictable baseline compute consumption
  4. Static budgets cannot explain or detect each atypical spend pattern promptly

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. Cost Anomaly Detection learns spending patterns and flags unusual expenditures. The appropriate correction is: Set up AWS Cost Anomaly Detection with relevant monitors and alert subscriptions. The control should then be tested by verifying that A synthetic or observed unusual cost pattern appears in anomaly alerts with impacted spend drivers.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Ordinary regional endpoints offer neither the requested global anycast entry point nor accelerator health steering. The stated evidence instead indicates: Static budgets cannot explain or detect each atypical spend pattern promptly.

B:

Instances were resized from average CPU alone despite memory or traffic constraints. The stated evidence instead indicates: Static budgets cannot explain or detect each atypical spend pattern promptly.

C:

On-demand usage was left wholly uncommitted despite predictable baseline compute consumption. The stated evidence instead indicates: Static budgets cannot explain or detect each atypical spend pattern promptly.

Question 414

For the enterprise requirement "A transactional RDS instance becomes slow under concurrency and the team needs to distinguish SQL waits from CPU pressure", the team implemented this change: Use CloudWatch Database Insights to identify RDS database load by SQL statements and wait events before changing capacity. Which evidence confirms the intended behavior under test?

  1. Burst replay avoids throttling while partition-level demand remains within supported constraints
  2. Cold-start spikes fall for provisioned requests and concurrency utilization stays within budget
  3. The dominant query wait events can be linked to the observed transaction latency
  4. New instances become healthy before major traffic shift and rollback restores the previous code path

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. Database performance diagnostics should identify the specific bottleneck before scaling. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: A transactional RDS instance becomes slow under concurrency and the team needs to distinguish SQL waits from CPU pressure.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Burst replay avoids throttling while partition-level demand remains within supported constraints. However, this does not establish the required outcome: the dominant query wait events can be linked to the observed transaction latency.

B:

Cold-start spikes fall for provisioned requests and concurrency utilization stays within budget. However, this does not establish the required outcome: the dominant query wait events can be linked to the observed transaction latency.

D:

New instances become healthy before major traffic shift and rollback restores the previous code path. However, this does not establish the required outcome: the dominant query wait events can be linked to the observed transaction latency.

Question 415

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: Six VPCs in three accounts need private east-west connectivity without an O(N²) peering mesh. What original architectural gap most directly explains the failure?

  1. The architecture assumes that Transit Gateway peering automatically propagates interregional routes
  2. Separate point-to-point VPC peering connections lack transitive routing and are difficult to govern at scale
  3. The team relies exclusively on retrospective end-of-month billing statements
  4. On-premises DNS has no forwarding path into the VPC's Route 53 Resolver

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. Transit Gateway supplies centralized transitive VPC connectivity when attachment route tables and security policies are configured. The appropriate correction is: Attach the VPCs to one centrally governed Transit Gateway and propagate approved attachment routes. The control should then be tested by verifying that Approved application subnets reach each other through Transit Gateway routes and unauthorized segments remain isolated.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The architecture assumes that Transit Gateway peering automatically propagates interregional routes. The stated evidence instead indicates: Separate point-to-point VPC peering connections lack transitive routing and are difficult to govern at scale.

C:

The team relies exclusively on retrospective end-of-month billing statements. The stated evidence instead indicates: Separate point-to-point VPC peering connections lack transitive routing and are difficult to govern at scale.

D:

On-premises DNS has no forwarding path into the VPC's Route 53 Resolver. The stated evidence instead indicates: Separate point-to-point VPC peering connections lack transitive routing and are difficult to govern at scale.

Question 416

For the enterprise requirement "A latency-sensitive global TCP application requires fast traffic steering to healthy regional application load balancers using static anycast addresses", the team implemented this change: Use AWS Global Accelerator with endpoint groups and regional health-based routing. What would most directly validate the implementation?

  1. Queries from on-premises resolvers return the expected private-zone records through inbound endpoint addresses
  2. Participant-owned permitted resources deploy into the shared subnet while networking account retains network ownership
  3. Clients retain accelerator anycast IPs and are directed to a healthy regional endpoint when one Region fails
  4. Both circuits carry permitted private routes, and a deliberate single-circuit outage retains connectivity

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. Global Accelerator provides stable global anycast addresses and network-level endpoint health routing. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: A latency-sensitive global TCP application requires fast traffic steering to healthy regional application load balancers using static anycast addresses.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Queries from on-premises resolvers return the expected private-zone records through inbound endpoint addresses. However, this does not establish the required outcome: clients retain accelerator anycast IPs and are directed to a healthy regional endpoint when one Region fails.

B:

Participant-owned permitted resources deploy into the shared subnet while networking account retains network ownership. However, this does not establish the required outcome: clients retain accelerator anycast IPs and are directed to a healthy regional endpoint when one Region fails.

D:

Both circuits carry permitted private routes, and a deliberate single-circuit outage retains connectivity. However, this does not establish the required outcome: clients retain accelerator anycast IPs and are directed to a healthy regional endpoint when one Region fails.

Question 417

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: An AWS KMS-encrypted data key is shared with a role but decrypts still fail because the key's resource policy grants no access. Which proposed change addresses the stated constraint most directly?

  1. Add AWS WAF rate-based rules scoped to the API's web ACL with suitable action and monitoring
  2. Deploy AWS Network Firewall with correct subnet endpoint routing and stateful rule groups
  3. Configure Route 53 health checks with primary and secondary failover records and tested TTL behavior
  4. Update the KMS key policy or grants alongside the principal's IAM permissions as required

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

KMS key authorization depends on the owning key policy as well as applicable principal policies. The required architecture outcome is: An AWS KMS-encrypted data key is shared with a role but decrypts still fail because the key's resource policy grants no access. Validate this choice by checking that The authorized role decrypts the designated ciphertext while an unrelated role remains denied.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The service relies solely on application code with no rate-based edge filtering. The specific problem here is that iAM principal permission was mistaken for sufficient access despite a restrictive KMS key policy.

B:

Traffic bypasses inspection endpoints, so rules exist but are never reached. The specific problem here is that iAM principal permission was mistaken for sufficient access despite a restrictive KMS key policy.

C:

Records use ordinary simple routing without failover health awareness. The specific problem here is that iAM principal permission was mistaken for sufficient access despite a restrictive KMS key policy.

Question 418

For the enterprise requirement "A business database needs a low-downtime migration from on-premises PostgreSQL to Amazon RDS PostgreSQL", the team implemented this change: Use AWS DMS full load plus change data capture with compatible schema and monitored replication task. Which observation should be required before the change is approved?

  1. Destination rows converge with source changes and validated CDC lag allows the final switchover
  2. A pilot demonstrates the chosen mainframe transformation path and acceptable business results
  3. Invoice updates arrive at consumers within the required lag and replay does not duplicate side effects
  4. Partners connect over SFTP and transferred objects appear in assigned bucket prefixes

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. AWS DMS can move data using full load and ongoing CDC for supported sources. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: A business database needs a low-downtime migration from on-premises PostgreSQL to Amazon RDS PostgreSQL.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A pilot demonstrates the chosen mainframe transformation path and acceptable business results. However, this does not establish the required outcome: destination rows converge with source changes and validated CDC lag allows the final switchover.

C:

Invoice updates arrive at consumers within the required lag and replay does not duplicate side effects. However, this does not establish the required outcome: destination rows converge with source changes and validated CDC lag allows the final switchover.

D:

Partners connect over SFTP and transferred objects appear in assigned bucket prefixes. However, this does not establish the required outcome: destination rows converge with source changes and validated CDC lag allows the final switchover.

Question 419

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: An EC2 fleet has low utilization and a migration team wants instance-family replacement recommendations backed by memory metrics. Requirement B: A business-critical order API has no measured user-facing latency objective and responders cannot tell if changes make availability worse. Choose TWO remedies that meet A and B respectively.

  1. Use enhanced fan-out for supported registered consumers or otherwise allocate read capacity explicitly
  2. Collect proper monitoring and evaluate AWS Compute Optimizer recommendations with SLO tests
  3. Analyze transfer usage in CUR and network metrics; redesign unnecessary cross-AZ chatty application flows
  4. Gate a least-privilege Systems Manager Automation runbook with an aws:approve step and retain change approval and execution records
  5. Define service level indicators and targets in CloudWatch dashboards and alarms grounded in request success and p95 latency

Explanation

Correct Answers

B:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: An EC2 fleet has low utilization and a migration team wants instance-family replacement recommendations backed by memory metrics. Compute Optimizer estimates rightsizing opportunities subject to compatibility and workload validation. A direct acceptance check is: Chosen sizes meet memory and peak latency needs while reducing wasteful instance spending.

E:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A business-critical order API has no measured user-facing latency objective and responders cannot tell if changes make availability worse. Operational excellence requires observable application SLOs tied to business-critical behavior. A direct acceptance check is: Release decisions reference tracked error rate and latency burn rather than raw instance uptime alone.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This action targets a different technical need: A Kinesis stream has adequate shard write capacity but multiple consumers compete for read throughput and fall behind. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Kinesis enhanced fan-out provides dedicated consumer read throughput within service limits; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

C:

This action targets a different technical need: A global network has rising cross-AZ and inter-Region transfer bills despite healthy compute utilization. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Placement and traffic pattern matter to data transfer costs as much as raw compute prices; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: Production maintenance requires an explicit approval and tracked change record before automation updates EC2 systems. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Controlled automation separates approval from execution and preserves traceability; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 420

An architecture review recommends this solution: Add AWS WAF rate-based rules scoped to the API's web ACL with suitable action and monitoring. The motivating situation is: A public API has repeated abusive requests from a single source network but normal distributed traffic should continue. Why is this architecture appropriate for the described workload?

  1. OIDC role federation supports temporary credentials and scoped trust for external workloads
  2. Lambda aliases support weighted traffic between published versions with monitored promotion
  3. Network Firewall enforces stateful network rules only on traffic routed through its endpoints
  4. WAF rate-based rules can limit excessive HTTP request patterns by aggregation key

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Add AWS WAF rate-based rules scoped to the API's web ACL with suitable action and monitoring. The expected supporting evidence is: The abusive source crosses its request threshold and is blocked without blocking allowed sample traffic.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Static IAM user access keys were embedded in the external CI configuration. The stated evidence instead indicates: The service relies solely on application code with no rate-based edge filtering.

B:

The function's unqualified ARN always invokes latest code for all users, bypassing version routing. The stated evidence instead indicates: The service relies solely on application code with no rate-based edge filtering.

C:

Traffic bypasses inspection endpoints, so rules exist but are never reached. The stated evidence instead indicates: The service relies solely on application code with no rate-based edge filtering.