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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Bundle

Exam Code: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

Exam Name AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

Certification Provider: Amazon

Corresponding Certification: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional

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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Practice Test 43

Question 420

An architecture review recommends this solution: Add AWS WAF rate-based rules scoped to the API's web ACL with suitable action and monitoring. The motivating situation is: A public API has repeated abusive requests from a single source network but normal distributed traffic should continue. Why is this architecture appropriate for the described workload?

  1. OIDC role federation supports temporary credentials and scoped trust for external workloads
  2. Lambda aliases support weighted traffic between published versions with monitored promotion
  3. Network Firewall enforces stateful network rules only on traffic routed through its endpoints
  4. WAF rate-based rules can limit excessive HTTP request patterns by aggregation key

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Add AWS WAF rate-based rules scoped to the API's web ACL with suitable action and monitoring. The expected supporting evidence is: The abusive source crosses its request threshold and is blocked without blocking allowed sample traffic.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Static IAM user access keys were embedded in the external CI configuration. The stated evidence instead indicates: The service relies solely on application code with no rate-based edge filtering.

B:

The function's unqualified ARN always invokes latest code for all users, bypassing version routing. The stated evidence instead indicates: The service relies solely on application code with no rate-based edge filtering.

C:

Traffic bypasses inspection endpoints, so rules exist but are never reached. The stated evidence instead indicates: The service relies solely on application code with no rate-based edge filtering.

Question 421

For the enterprise requirement "On-premises servers must resolve names in a private Route 53 hosted zone without exposing those records publicly", the team implemented this change: Deploy Route 53 Resolver inbound endpoints and configure corporate conditional DNS forwarding for the private zone. Which test result proves this architecture satisfies its stated constraint?

  1. Bidirectional flows traverse the inspection appliances consistently and approved inspection policies appear in logs
  2. The delegated administrator can manage enrolled member security coverage within its supported scope
  3. Queries from on-premises resolvers return the expected private-zone records through inbound endpoint addresses
  4. Both circuits carry permitted private routes, and a deliberate single-circuit outage retains connectivity

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. Inbound Resolver endpoints enable hybrid clients to ask VPC-associated private-zone DNS questions. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: On-premises servers must resolve names in a private Route 53 hosted zone without exposing those records publicly.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Bidirectional flows traverse the inspection appliances consistently and approved inspection policies appear in logs. However, this does not establish the required outcome: queries from on-premises resolvers return the expected private-zone records through inbound endpoint addresses.

B:

The delegated administrator can manage enrolled member security coverage within its supported scope. However, this does not establish the required outcome: queries from on-premises resolvers return the expected private-zone records through inbound endpoint addresses.

D:

Both circuits carry permitted private routes, and a deliberate single-circuit outage retains connectivity. However, this does not establish the required outcome: queries from on-premises resolvers return the expected private-zone records through inbound endpoint addresses.

Question 422

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: Cloud infrastructure is built manually for each test environment and nobody knows which resources can be reproduced. What should the solutions architect recommend?

  1. Replace suitable stages with Step Functions orchestration and explicit retry, compensation and visibility states
  2. Apply the strangler pattern, routing one well-defined capability at a time to a tested new service
  3. Capture resources in versioned CloudFormation or CDK definitions and deploy through reviewed pipelines
  4. Assess the COBOL and batch-job dependencies, then evaluate AWS Transform for mainframe and supported vendor replatforming paths

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Infrastructure as code supports repeatability, reviews and automated lifecycle controls. The required architecture outcome is: Cloud infrastructure is built manually for each test environment and nobody knows which resources can be reproduced. Validate this choice by checking that A fresh environment can be recreated from code with predictable parameters and drift checks.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Workflow state and failure recovery are hidden in fragile custom imperative scripts. The specific problem here is that console changes have no reproducible declarative infrastructure state.

B:

An all-at-once replacement has unacceptable outage and rollback risk. The specific problem here is that console changes have no reproducible declarative infrastructure state.

D:

Mainframe batch and transaction semantics were treated as if they were ordinary Linux workloads. The specific problem here is that console changes have no reproducible declarative infrastructure state.

Question 423

An architecture review recommends this solution: Assess the COBOL and batch-job dependencies, then evaluate AWS Transform for mainframe and supported vendor replatforming paths. The motivating situation is: An organization has a COBOL mainframe workflow that requires staged modernization rather than a blind VM copy. Which principle would a reviewer use to defend this design?

  1. Container modernization requires tested runtime behavior and reversible client routing
  2. Mainframe migrations need purpose-built assessment and conversion or replatform planning
  3. AWS Data Transfer Terminal allows eligible Enterprise Support customers to bring storage to an AWS transfer site; AWS Snowball Edge is no longer available to new customers
  4. Incremental strangler migration reduces cutover risk through bounded feature replacement

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Assess the COBOL and batch-job dependencies, then evaluate AWS Transform for mainframe and supported vendor replatforming paths. The expected supporting evidence is: A pilot demonstrates the chosen mainframe transformation path and acceptable business results.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Traffic was switched to the container environment before dependent services and probes were verified. The stated evidence instead indicates: Mainframe batch and transaction semantics were treated as if they were ordinary Linux workloads.

C:

The migration plan assumes a new AWS Snowball Edge device can still be ordered even though new-customer ordering is unavailable. The stated evidence instead indicates: Mainframe batch and transaction semantics were treated as if they were ordinary Linux workloads.

D:

An all-at-once replacement has unacceptable outage and rollback risk. The stated evidence instead indicates: Mainframe batch and transaction semantics were treated as if they were ordinary Linux workloads.

Question 424

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: A product releases the same service to two Regions and must require a compliance approval before the second Region goes live. Which missing control accounts for the continuing issue?

  1. Independent release scripts lack enforceable promotion ordering and approval evidence
  2. Each team independently patches hand-built machine images without reproducible validation
  3. The disaster-recovery Region has no local image copy and the deployment assumes remote registry availability
  4. A public bucket policy exposes origin objects outside the intended CloudFront access path

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. Multi-Region pipelines can enforce explicit promotion and approval boundaries. The appropriate correction is: Use CodePipeline stages with independent regional deploy actions and a manual approval gate before the restricted stage. The control should then be tested by verifying that The first Region deploys, the second Region waits for approval, and rejection prevents restricted rollout.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Each team independently patches hand-built machine images without reproducible validation. The stated evidence instead indicates: Independent release scripts lack enforceable promotion ordering and approval evidence.

C:

The disaster-recovery Region has no local image copy and the deployment assumes remote registry availability. The stated evidence instead indicates: Independent release scripts lack enforceable promotion ordering and approval evidence.

D:

A public bucket policy exposes origin objects outside the intended CloudFront access path. The stated evidence instead indicates: Independent release scripts lack enforceable promotion ordering and approval evidence.

Question 425

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: A noncritical archive service has a 24-hour RTO and may restore its configuration and data from protected backups. Which underlying cause should be investigated first?

  1. Backup administrators can freely delete critical recovery points despite required immutability
  2. Objects remain indefinitely in higher-cost storage despite a proven low-access retention pattern
  3. A backup exists but no restore procedure or measured restore duration has been proven
  4. Every component must be rebuilt from scratch after failure, despite a tighter RTO

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. Backup-and-restore DR suits longer RTO targets when restore execution is practiced. The appropriate correction is: Implement a tested backup-and-restore disaster recovery pattern with documented recovery runbooks. The control should then be tested by verifying that A restore drill meets the 24-hour recovery target with verified data integrity and access.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Backup administrators can freely delete critical recovery points despite required immutability. The stated evidence instead indicates: A backup exists but no restore procedure or measured restore duration has been proven.

B:

Objects remain indefinitely in higher-cost storage despite a proven low-access retention pattern. The stated evidence instead indicates: A backup exists but no restore procedure or measured restore duration has been proven.

D:

Every component must be rebuilt from scratch after failure, despite a tighter RTO. The stated evidence instead indicates: A backup exists but no restore procedure or measured restore duration has been proven.

Question 426

For the enterprise requirement "An engineer repeatedly leaves management ports publicly accessible despite a configuration guardrail document", the team implemented this change: Add AWS Config evaluation for the risky security-group condition with controlled notification and remediation. What should operations verify instead of relying on configuration alone?

  1. Team A reads only its permitted dataset and an attempt to fetch team B's restricted dataset is rejected
  2. Logs identify blocked and counted requests by rule so false positives can be evaluated
  3. A test ingress rule is flagged and corrected through the authorized remediation workflow
  4. Eligible baseline compute spend receives discounts without excessive underused commitment

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. AWS Config checks configuration changes against evaluable rules and supports managed remediation actions. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: An engineer repeatedly leaves management ports publicly accessible despite a configuration guardrail document.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Team A reads only its permitted dataset and an attempt to fetch team B's restricted dataset is rejected. However, this does not establish the required outcome: a test ingress rule is flagged and corrected through the authorized remediation workflow.

B:

Logs identify blocked and counted requests by rule so false positives can be evaluated. However, this does not establish the required outcome: a test ingress rule is flagged and corrected through the authorized remediation workflow.

D:

Eligible baseline compute spend receives discounts without excessive underused commitment. However, this does not establish the required outcome: a test ingress rule is flagged and corrected through the authorized remediation workflow.

Question 427

For the enterprise requirement "An order orchestration needs safe retry handling for transient service failures without rerunning completed prior steps", the team implemented this change: Define AWS Step Functions state-machine Retry and Catch behavior with idempotent service tasks. Which result specifically demonstrates the fix works?

  1. Zonal failover promotes a standby and the application reconnects after the expected interruption
  2. Worker count falls during light load and rises when queue age approaches the delivery deadline
  3. A simulated transient error is retried according to policy and a persistent error follows a defined failure branch
  4. A poison message goes to the DLQ after configured attempts while valid following messages proceed

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. Step Functions supports explicit state-level retry and error handling but side effects still require idempotency. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: An order orchestration needs safe retry handling for transient service failures without rerunning completed prior steps.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Zonal failover promotes a standby and the application reconnects after the expected interruption. However, this does not establish the required outcome: a simulated transient error is retried according to policy and a persistent error follows a defined failure branch.

B:

Worker count falls during light load and rises when queue age approaches the delivery deadline. However, this does not establish the required outcome: a simulated transient error is retried according to policy and a persistent error follows a defined failure branch.

D:

A poison message goes to the DLQ after configured attempts while valid following messages proceed. However, this does not establish the required outcome: a simulated transient error is retried according to policy and a persistent error follows a defined failure branch.

Question 428

For the enterprise requirement "A collection of EC2 workers shares POSIX files and needs common file semantics while scaling workers separately", the team implemented this change: Migrate shared application files to Amazon EFS with appropriate mount targets and throughput configuration. Which evidence confirms the intended behavior under test?

  1. Isolated handlers scale according to request demand and meet p95 latency and authorization targets
  2. Inventory changes can deploy without forcing unrelated checkout and customer workflows through full regression
  3. Independently scaled workers can access the same files over supported NFS semantics
  4. Orders complete independently of notification delays, while consumers process retries and duplicate deliveries safely

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. EFS provides managed shared NFS file storage for distributed Linux clients. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: A collection of EC2 workers shares POSIX files and needs common file semantics while scaling workers separately.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Isolated handlers scale according to request demand and meet p95 latency and authorization targets. However, this does not establish the required outcome: independently scaled workers can access the same files over supported NFS semantics.

B:

Inventory changes can deploy without forcing unrelated checkout and customer workflows through full regression. However, this does not establish the required outcome: independently scaled workers can access the same files over supported NFS semantics.

D:

Orders complete independently of notification delays, while consumers process retries and duplicate deliveries safely. However, this does not establish the required outcome: independently scaled workers can access the same files over supported NFS semantics.

Question 429

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: An incident reviewer needs a timeline of a suspicious IAM policy change made across member accounts. Which selection is defensible under the given constraints?

  1. Configure supported KMS key rotation policy and validate old ciphertext decrypt behavior under the same logical key
  2. Aggregate CloudTrail management events with appropriately protected central storage and searchable event records
  3. Inventory unattached EBS volumes and delete or archive approved volumes after snapshot and ownership checks
  4. Run IAM Access Analyzer external-access findings scoped to the organization and fix the exact resource policies

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

CloudTrail API event evidence supports investigation of changes to account control-plane resources. The required architecture outcome is: An incident reviewer needs a timeline of a suspicious IAM policy change made across member accounts. Validate this choice by checking that The actor, source and changed policy action appear in audit events from the affected account.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Teams confuse key material rotation with replacing the KMS key ID and losing access to old data. The specific problem here is that cloudTrail management events are not retained or centrally available for review.

C:

Unattached volumes are treated as free merely because they are not mounted. The specific problem here is that cloudTrail management events are not retained or centrally available for review.

D:

Resource-based trust was not evaluated beyond local IAM identity permission reports. The specific problem here is that cloudTrail management events are not retained or centrally available for review.

Question 430

For the enterprise requirement "A legacy data center lacks a trustworthy inventory of server CPU, memory, installed processes and network connections", the team implemented this change: Use AWS Transform discovery and assessment, or a supported inventory tool, to measure server characteristics and network dependency data. Which observation should be required before the change is approved?

  1. The proposed target design has documented permitted license use and tracked license utilization
  2. Captured workload attributes reveal which servers can be rehosted together and which need further assessment
  3. New capability traffic can be rolled back while untouched monolith endpoints remain functional
  4. Each workload has justified retire, retain, relocate, rehost, replatform, repurchase or refactor decision

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. Application discovery captures real workload characteristics needed for migration planning. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: A legacy data center lacks a trustworthy inventory of server CPU, memory, installed processes and network connections.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The proposed target design has documented permitted license use and tracked license utilization. However, this does not establish the required outcome: captured workload attributes reveal which servers can be rehosted together and which need further assessment.

C:

New capability traffic can be rolled back while untouched monolith endpoints remain functional. However, this does not establish the required outcome: captured workload attributes reveal which servers can be rehosted together and which need further assessment.

D:

Each workload has justified retire, retain, relocate, rehost, replatform, repurchase or refactor decision. However, this does not establish the required outcome: captured workload attributes reveal which servers can be rehosted together and which need further assessment.