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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Bundle

Exam Code: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

Exam Name AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

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Corresponding Certification: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional

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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Practice Test 9

Question 80

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: Business records must remain tamper-resistant during the retention period even if a security administrator compromises a backup account. Which selection is defensible under the given constraints?

  1. Configure S3 replication rules with correct versioning and KMS permissions for destination encrypted objects
  2. Configure protected AWS Backup Vault Lock compliance settings with appropriate retention and access governance
  3. Run service tasks across multiple AZs with compatible load balancing and spare or scaling capacity
  4. Add supported RDS read replicas and route eventually consistent reporting reads away from the writer

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Backup Vault Lock compliance controls can enforce retained recovery-point immutability. The required architecture outcome is: Business records must remain tamper-resistant during the retention period even if a security administrator compromises a backup account. Validate this choice by checking that An unauthorized attempt to delete a protected recovery point is denied before retention expires.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The destination bucket is present but replication cannot use the destination KMS key. The specific problem here is that backup administrators can freely delete critical recovery points despite required immutability.

C:

All containers share a single placement failure domain and cannot be rescheduled in time. The specific problem here is that backup administrators can freely delete critical recovery points despite required immutability.

D:

Read-only analytical traffic saturates the production database's single writable instance. The specific problem here is that backup administrators can freely delete critical recovery points despite required immutability.

Question 81

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A Route 53 failover policy must move users between two independent public endpoints when the primary application fails. Requirement B: A private S3 origin behind CloudFront must block direct public object requests while allowing authorized distribution reads. Choose TWO remedies that meet A and B respectively.

  1. Configure Route 53 health checks with primary and secondary failover records and tested TTL behavior
  2. Maintain a pilot-light copy of the essential data and core services and automate remaining capacity restoration
  3. Configure S3 lifecycle transitions to a suitable archival storage class and test retrieval times
  4. Add AWS WAF rate-based rules scoped to the API's web ACL with suitable action and monitoring
  5. Configure CloudFront Origin Access Control with an origin bucket policy restricted to the distribution

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A Route 53 failover policy must move users between two independent public endpoints when the primary application fails. DNS health-based failover changes record responses, but clients may cache prior results. A direct acceptance check is: A primary health-check failure leads subsequent name resolutions toward the healthy backup Region.

E:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A private S3 origin behind CloudFront must block direct public object requests while allowing authorized distribution reads. CloudFront OAC signs origin requests and supports restrictive private S3 bucket policies. A direct acceptance check is: CloudFront retrieves approved objects while direct anonymous S3 URLs are rejected.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This action targets a different technical need: A legacy application has a few-hour RTO but cannot justify running the complete secondary stack continuously. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Pilot light retains critical replicated services while reconstructing additional capacity during recovery; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

C:

This action targets a different technical need: A compliance dataset is rarely accessed after 90 days but must remain recoverable with several-hour retrieval tolerance. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Lifecycle transitions reduce storage expense only if retrieval and minimum-duration constraints fit; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: A public API has repeated abusive requests from a single source network but normal distributed traffic should continue. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. WAF rate-based rules can limit excessive HTTP request patterns by aggregation key; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 82

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A mission-critical RDS instance is single-AZ and routine maintenance causes extended application downtime. Requirement B: Enterprise billing shows a stable EC2 spend baseline but Savings Plans are not aligned with actual account usage. Which TWO responses resolve the stated issues without substituting unrelated mechanisms?

  1. Configure and verify Route 53 failover records with endpoint health checks and explicit secondary routing
  2. Analyze Cost Explorer coverage and utilization before adjusting a suitable commitment
  3. Enable AWS WAF logging to an appropriate destination with sensitive-data handling and analyze matched rules
  4. Collect proper monitoring and evaluate AWS Compute Optimizer recommendations with SLO tests
  5. Design a supported Multi-AZ deployment with reconnection handling and execute maintenance drills

Explanation

Correct Answers

B:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: Enterprise billing shows a stable EC2 spend baseline but Savings Plans are not aligned with actual account usage. Savings Plan decisions require evidence about coverage and utilization of eligible compute. A direct acceptance check is: Eligible baseline compute spend receives discounts without excessive underused commitment.

E:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A mission-critical RDS instance is single-AZ and routine maintenance causes extended application downtime. RDS Multi-AZ maintains standby capacity for high availability and managed failover. A direct acceptance check is: Database failover restarts service within the tested objective after a zone loss.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This action targets a different technical need: Two Regions are deployed but customer requests stay routed to the failed primary endpoint indefinitely. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. DNS failover needs a health-signal and routing policy that actually switches answers; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

C:

This action targets a different technical need: Attackers continuously probe application URLs and security needs request-level evidence for rule tuning. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. WAF logs provide request and rule evaluation evidence for security tuning; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: An EC2 fleet has low utilization and a migration team wants instance-family replacement recommendations backed by memory metrics. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Compute Optimizer estimates rightsizing opportunities subject to compatibility and workload validation; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 83

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: A service needs to replay historical event notifications after a downstream subscriber defect is corrected. Which proposed change addresses the stated constraint most directly?

  1. Enable EventBridge event-bus archive and replay for eligible matching events
  2. Adopt an Aurora Global Database topology where supported and rehearse cross-Region failover or switchover
  3. Use organization-wide CloudTrail and central log storage with restrictive bucket access and retention controls
  4. Place an SQS queue between submission and processing, with appropriately scaled consumers and DLQ policy

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

EventBridge archives support bounded replay of previously captured events. The required architecture outcome is: A service needs to replay historical event notifications after a downstream subscriber defect is corrected. Validate this choice by checking that The selected time window can be replayed to the target bus without inventing events that were never archived.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A single-Region Aurora cluster lacks a suitable crossregional disaster recovery target. The specific problem here is that no archive or retention mechanism was configured before the subscriber outage.

C:

Local activity trails are not consolidated into the audit security boundary. The specific problem here is that no archive or retention mechanism was configured before the subscriber outage.

D:

Synchronous request-to-database coupling loses or rejects work whenever the database is unavailable. The specific problem here is that no archive or retention mechanism was configured before the subscriber outage.

Question 84

An architecture review recommends this solution: Update the KMS key policy or grants alongside the principal's IAM permissions as required. The motivating situation is: An AWS KMS-encrypted data key is shared with a role but decrypts still fail because the key's resource policy grants no access. Which architectural reasoning is most accurate for the choice?

  1. OIDC role federation supports temporary credentials and scoped trust for external workloads
  2. GuardDuty consumes AWS data sources to identify suspicious behavior and report findings
  3. KMS key authorization depends on the owning key policy as well as applicable principal policies
  4. Multi-Region pipelines can enforce explicit promotion and approval boundaries

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Update the KMS key policy or grants alongside the principal's IAM permissions as required. The expected supporting evidence is: The authorized role decrypts the designated ciphertext while an unrelated role remains denied.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Static IAM user access keys were embedded in the external CI configuration. The stated evidence instead indicates: IAM principal permission was mistaken for sufficient access despite a restrictive KMS key policy.

B:

Raw CloudTrail logs were collected but no managed threat-detection findings were enabled. The stated evidence instead indicates: IAM principal permission was mistaken for sufficient access despite a restrictive KMS key policy.

D:

Independent release scripts lack enforceable promotion ordering and approval evidence. The stated evidence instead indicates: IAM principal permission was mistaken for sufficient access despite a restrictive KMS key policy.

Question 85

For the enterprise requirement "A producer account encrypts S3 objects under its KMS key and a distinct consumer role must decrypt those objects cross-account", the team implemented this change: Update the key policy and consumer IAM permissions for the cross-account principal, alongside S3 access authorization. What should operations verify instead of relying on configuration alone?

  1. Participant-owned permitted resources deploy into the shared subnet while networking account retains network ownership
  2. The delegated account receives findings from participating member accounts and permitted Regions
  3. Employees sign in using enterprise identities and receive only the mapped roles in assigned accounts
  4. The consumer role reads approved encrypted objects but cannot decrypt other protected datasets

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. Cross-account KMS use requires authorization from the key-owning account and the requesting principal. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: A producer account encrypts S3 objects under its KMS key and a distinct consumer role must decrypt those objects cross-account.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Participant-owned permitted resources deploy into the shared subnet while networking account retains network ownership. However, this does not establish the required outcome: the consumer role reads approved encrypted objects but cannot decrypt other protected datasets.

B:

The delegated account receives findings from participating member accounts and permitted Regions. However, this does not establish the required outcome: the consumer role reads approved encrypted objects but cannot decrypt other protected datasets.

C:

Employees sign in using enterprise identities and receive only the mapped roles in assigned accounts. However, this does not establish the required outcome: the consumer role reads approved encrypted objects but cannot decrypt other protected datasets.

Question 86

For the enterprise requirement "A shared EFS file system slows a data-processing batch even though compute workers are mostly idle", the team implemented this change: Evaluate EFS throughput and performance modes and provision an appropriate supported throughput setting. What observed result would demonstrate successful delivery of the requested capability?

  1. The repeated key lookup hits DAX with lower latency while noncacheable paths use the underlying table
  2. File-system throughput reaches target under representative concurrent processing without exhausted credits
  3. Failure of one Region does not interrupt healthy remaining regional capacity under synthetic load
  4. Records are ingested within supported throughput limits without hot-shard throttling under replayed load

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. EFS throughput characteristics must match concurrent IO patterns and required sustained rate. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: A shared EFS file system slows a data-processing batch even though compute workers are mostly idle.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The repeated key lookup hits DAX with lower latency while noncacheable paths use the underlying table. However, this does not establish the required outcome: file-system throughput reaches target under representative concurrent processing without exhausted credits.

C:

Failure of one Region does not interrupt healthy remaining regional capacity under synthetic load. However, this does not establish the required outcome: file-system throughput reaches target under representative concurrent processing without exhausted credits.

D:

Records are ingested within supported throughput limits without hot-shard throttling under replayed load. However, this does not establish the required outcome: file-system throughput reaches target under representative concurrent processing without exhausted credits.

Question 87

For the enterprise requirement "A global network has rising cross-AZ and inter-Region transfer bills despite healthy compute utilization", the team implemented this change: Analyze transfer usage in CUR and network metrics; redesign unnecessary cross-AZ chatty application flows. What should operations verify instead of relying on configuration alone?

  1. Data-transfer charges drop while latency and resilience objectives still pass
  2. Chargeback results trace shared spend to accounted requests or accountable service consumers
  3. Release decisions reference tracked error rate and latency burn rather than raw instance uptime alone
  4. Eligible baseline compute spend receives discounts without excessive underused commitment

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. Placement and traffic pattern matter to data transfer costs as much as raw compute prices. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: A global network has rising cross-AZ and inter-Region transfer bills despite healthy compute utilization.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Chargeback results trace shared spend to accounted requests or accountable service consumers. However, this does not establish the required outcome: data-transfer charges drop while latency and resilience objectives still pass.

C:

Release decisions reference tracked error rate and latency burn rather than raw instance uptime alone. However, this does not establish the required outcome: data-transfer charges drop while latency and resilience objectives still pass.

D:

Eligible baseline compute spend receives discounts without excessive underused commitment. However, this does not establish the required outcome: data-transfer charges drop while latency and resilience objectives still pass.

Question 88

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: A large retail monolith has tightly coupled inventory, checkout and customer modules that scale as one deployment. Which action would resolve the problem without adding unrelated capabilities?

  1. Replace suitable stages with Step Functions orchestration and explicit retry, compensation and visibility states
  2. Identify bounded contexts and isolate independently deployable modules with explicit APIs and data ownership
  3. Introduce consistent tracing and structured correlation with CloudWatch and an OpenTelemetry-compatible collector where appropriate
  4. Reserve an AWS Data Transfer Terminal session and bring compatible encrypted storage to upload through its high-bandwidth AWS connection

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Domain-aligned service boundaries require APIs and deliberate data ownership separation. The required architecture outcome is: A large retail monolith has tightly coupled inventory, checkout and customer modules that scale as one deployment. Validate this choice by checking that Inventory changes can deploy without forcing unrelated checkout and customer workflows through full regression.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Workflow state and failure recovery are hidden in fragile custom imperative scripts. The specific problem here is that shared data and internal method calls prevent independent deployment and scale.

C:

Separate component logs cannot be correlated to customer transactions. The specific problem here is that shared data and internal method calls prevent independent deployment and scale.

D:

The migration plan assumes a new AWS Snowball Edge device can still be ordered even though new-customer ordering is unavailable. The specific problem here is that shared data and internal method calls prevent independent deployment and scale.

Question 89

For the enterprise requirement "An ECS cluster has enough total CPU but tasks stay pending due to unsuitable placement and capacity provider configuration", the team implemented this change: Review capacity provider strategy, instance-type resources and task placement requirements. What observed result would demonstrate successful delivery of the requested capability?

  1. A test ingress rule is flagged and corrected through the authorized remediation workflow
  2. Pending tasks become schedulable and p95 latency improves without wasting an additional empty cluster
  3. Representative traffic reaches required throughput with improved CPU efficiency and no driver errors
  4. Each registered consumer receives an independent read-throughput path and lag falls during peak events

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. ECS placement depends on available per-host resources and declared capacity-provider strategy. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: An ECS cluster has enough total CPU but tasks stay pending due to unsuitable placement and capacity provider configuration.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A test ingress rule is flagged and corrected through the authorized remediation workflow. However, this does not establish the required outcome: pending tasks become schedulable and p95 latency improves without wasting an additional empty cluster.

C:

Representative traffic reaches required throughput with improved CPU efficiency and no driver errors. However, this does not establish the required outcome: pending tasks become schedulable and p95 latency improves without wasting an additional empty cluster.

D:

Each registered consumer receives an independent read-throughput path and lag falls during peak events. However, this does not establish the required outcome: pending tasks become schedulable and p95 latency improves without wasting an additional empty cluster.

Question 90

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: A developer fleet repeatedly creates slightly different cloud infrastructure for the same application environment. Which selection is defensible under the given constraints?

  1. Evaluate a serverless API Gateway and Lambda architecture with cold-start and concurrency testing
  2. Configure Amazon ECR cross-Region replication for the approved image repositories with regional deployment references
  3. Define the infrastructure in AWS CDK and synthesize reviewed CloudFormation templates through the deployment pipeline
  4. Use CodePipeline stages with independent regional deploy actions and a manual approval gate before the restricted stage

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

CDK expresses infrastructure as code while CloudFormation supplies deployed resource state. The required architecture outcome is: A developer fleet repeatedly creates slightly different cloud infrastructure for the same application environment. Validate this choice by checking that Identical input configurations yield reviewed deployment changes and detectable drift rather than ad hoc resources.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Fixed EC2 capacity is provisioned 24/7 despite infrequent invocation. The specific problem here is that console-created infrastructure diverged from versioned architecture definitions.

B:

The disaster-recovery Region has no local image copy and the deployment assumes remote registry availability. The specific problem here is that console-created infrastructure diverged from versioned architecture definitions.

D:

Independent release scripts lack enforceable promotion ordering and approval evidence. The specific problem here is that console-created infrastructure diverged from versioned architecture definitions.