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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Bundle

Exam Code: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

Exam Name AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

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Corresponding Certification: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional

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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Practice Test 11

Question 100

An architecture review recommends this solution: Require tightly scoped role trust and a scoped session policy or condition that limits the assumed-role credentials. The motivating situation is: A vendor assumes a role into an AWS account and must be restricted to one project's S3 prefix for that session only. Which architectural reasoning is most accurate for the choice?

  1. EventBridge archives support bounded replay of previously captured events
  2. AWS Organizations trails centralize multi-account CloudTrail logging when storage access is secured
  3. Session policies intersect with role permissions and can reduce privileges for one temporary session
  4. IAM Identity Center coordinates workforce SSO permission sets across accounts

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Require tightly scoped role trust and a scoped session policy or condition that limits the assumed-role credentials. The expected supporting evidence is: The assumed session can read the approved prefix and is denied a separate confidential prefix.

Incorrect Answers

A:

No archive or retention mechanism was configured before the subscriber outage. The stated evidence instead indicates: An overly broad assumed-role session is not constrained to the vendor's assigned resources.

B:

Disjoint local-account trails leave central auditors with incomplete visibility. The stated evidence instead indicates: An overly broad assumed-role session is not constrained to the vendor's assigned resources.

D:

Individual IAM users were being created per account instead of using centralized workforce federation. The stated evidence instead indicates: An overly broad assumed-role session is not constrained to the vendor's assigned resources.

Question 101

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: An SNS topic invokes an asynchronous HTTP subscriber with intermittent failures and business needs controlled redelivery. Which underlying cause should be investigated first?

  1. Failed notifications disappear because no supported retry and DLQ design is in place
  2. Passive regional copies exist without health-driven endpoint selection
  3. Snapshot creation is mistaken for proof the application can actually be restored
  4. One overbroad bucket-level policy grants both teams access to all data

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. SNS subscriber reliability relies on delivery retries and appropriately configured dead-letter destinations. The appropriate correction is: Configure the supported subscription delivery policy, retries and dead-letter queue where applicable. The control should then be tested by verifying that Failed deliveries retry under the configured policy and exhausted messages reach the DLQ.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Passive regional copies exist without health-driven endpoint selection. The stated evidence instead indicates: Failed notifications disappear because no supported retry and DLQ design is in place.

C:

Snapshot creation is mistaken for proof the application can actually be restored. The stated evidence instead indicates: Failed notifications disappear because no supported retry and DLQ design is in place.

D:

One overbroad bucket-level policy grants both teams access to all data. The stated evidence instead indicates: Failed notifications disappear because no supported retry and DLQ design is in place.

Question 102

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: Unpredictably accessed objects are retained for a year, but no reliable access-frequency segmentation is known. Requirement B: A platform team deploys the same baseline IAM roles and configuration stacks into 70 governed member accounts. Which TWO responses resolve the stated issues without substituting unrelated mechanisms?

  1. Evaluate EFS throughput and performance modes and provision an appropriate supported throughput setting
  2. Apply S3 Intelligent-Tiering with suitable monitoring and eligibility checks
  3. Add pipeline quality gates and explicit approval conditions prior to production deployment
  4. Evaluate a serverless API Gateway and Lambda architecture with cold-start and concurrency testing
  5. Use CloudFormation StackSets with the appropriate organization deployment permissions and guarded account or OU targeting

Explanation

Correct Answers

B:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: Unpredictably accessed objects are retained for a year, but no reliable access-frequency segmentation is known. S3 Intelligent-Tiering can move eligible objects among access tiers based on access frequency. A direct acceptance check is: Storage-class distribution follows observed access and availability constraints without extensive manual classification.

E:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A platform team deploys the same baseline IAM roles and configuration stacks into 70 governed member accounts. CloudFormation StackSets manages stack instances across accounts and Regions from a controlled template. A direct acceptance check is: A newly added target account receives the intended stack instances while an excluded OU does not.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This action targets a different technical need: A shared EFS file system slows a data-processing batch even though compute workers are mostly idle. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. EFS throughput characteristics must match concurrent IO patterns and required sustained rate; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

C:

This action targets a different technical need: A payment service must block production release if vulnerability and smoke-test gates fail, even though the build itself succeeded. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Release pipelines should verify deployment risk and acceptance criteria beyond build success; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: A rarely used API experiences extreme idle hours and unpredictable spikes, making always-on EC2 capacity uneconomic. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Serverless consumption models can reduce idle infrastructure charges for intermittent traffic; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 103

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A legacy monolith must be separated into business capabilities gradually without taking a risky one-time rewrite. Requirement B: A corporation has hundreds of interdependent on-premises services and cannot establish which databases must move together. Which TWO architecture changes cover both acceptance criteria?

  1. Perform application dependency discovery and group connected workloads into migration waves
  2. Classify applications through a defined 7 Rs migration assessment with business value, risk and retirement criteria
  3. Apply the strangler pattern, routing one well-defined capability at a time to a tested new service
  4. Introduce consistent tracing and structured correlation with CloudWatch and an OpenTelemetry-compatible collector where appropriate
  5. Use AWS Schema Conversion Tool or appropriate supported schema conversion assessment, then AWS DMS for data

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A corporation has hundreds of interdependent on-premises services and cannot establish which databases must move together. Dependency mapping reduces migration risk by revealing the actual application interaction graph. A direct acceptance check is: Each proposed migration wave includes dependencies required for a functional smoke test.

C:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A legacy monolith must be separated into business capabilities gradually without taking a risky one-time rewrite. Incremental strangler migration reduces cutover risk through bounded feature replacement. A direct acceptance check is: New capability traffic can be rolled back while untouched monolith endpoints remain functional.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This action targets a different technical need: Executives request one default migration method for every workload regardless of technical debt or value. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. The 7 Rs decision framework matches migration strategy to application context; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: Operations cannot trace a customer transaction once it crosses more than six loosely coupled services. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Unified trace context and structured observability improve distributed troubleshooting; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

E:

This action targets a different technical need: A SQL Server estate must migrate to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL despite vendor-specific T-SQL constructs. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Heterogeneous database migrations require explicit schema and application compatibility work; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 104

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A monolithic Windows process has been decomposed into HTTP services that can run in managed containers without operating its own servers. Requirement B: A legacy monolith must be separated into business capabilities gradually without taking a risky one-time rewrite. Choose TWO actions that directly address these separate problems.

  1. Assess the COBOL and batch-job dependencies, then evaluate AWS Transform for mainframe and supported vendor replatforming paths
  2. Apply the strangler pattern, routing one well-defined capability at a time to a tested new service
  3. Introduce consistent tracing and structured correlation with CloudWatch and an OpenTelemetry-compatible collector where appropriate
  4. Package services into supported containers and deploy with ECS on Fargate and scalable load balancing
  5. Build a governed S3-centered data lake with AWS Glue metadata and appropriate analytics services

Explanation

Correct Answers

B:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A legacy monolith must be separated into business capabilities gradually without taking a risky one-time rewrite. Incremental strangler migration reduces cutover risk through bounded feature replacement. A direct acceptance check is: New capability traffic can be rolled back while untouched monolith endpoints remain functional.

D:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A monolithic Windows process has been decomposed into HTTP services that can run in managed containers without operating its own servers. Fargate can run supported ECS container tasks without customer-managed worker hosts. A direct acceptance check is: Services scale independently and teams do not manage EC2 container worker hosts.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This action targets a different technical need: An organization has a COBOL mainframe workflow that requires staged modernization rather than a blind VM copy. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Mainframe migrations need purpose-built assessment and conversion or replatform planning; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

C:

This action targets a different technical need: Operations cannot trace a customer transaction once it crosses more than six loosely coupled services. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Unified trace context and structured observability improve distributed troubleshooting; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

E:

This action targets a different technical need: A legacy reporting ETL cluster requires durable raw data sharing and easier scale-out queries across departments. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. A shared governed object-storage lake decouples data retention from individual processing engines; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 105

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: An enterprise wants line-item chargeback for data transfer and service usage across hundreds of accounts. What design change should the team implement?

  1. Export AWS Cost and Usage Reports to S3 and query them with Athena or a billing data analysis workflow
  2. Set up AWS Cost Anomaly Detection with relevant monitors and alert subscriptions
  3. Deploy organization-managed AWS Config rules and targeted auto-remediation through approved Systems Manager Automation
  4. Use S3 Storage Lens metrics to identify expensive bucket-level and organization-wide storage trends

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The Cost and Usage Report provides detailed billing facts for accountable cost analysis. The required architecture outcome is: An enterprise wants line-item chargeback for data transfer and service usage across hundreds of accounts. Validate this choice by checking that Finance can reconcile detailed usage line items to accounts and cost categories.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Static budgets cannot explain or detect each atypical spend pattern promptly. The specific problem here is that summary monthly bills lack the resource-level usage detail needed for chargeback.

C:

Per-account one-off inspections do not continuously evaluate drift across accounts. The specific problem here is that summary monthly bills lack the resource-level usage detail needed for chargeback.

D:

Teams have only aggregate bills and cannot locate the source of inefficient storage usage. The specific problem here is that summary monthly bills lack the resource-level usage detail needed for chargeback.

Question 106

For the enterprise requirement "A department must be notified promptly when monthly spending exceeds its threshold", the team implemented this change: Create an AWS Budget with defined threshold notification recipients and appropriate budget filters. What would most directly validate the implementation?

  1. Eligible accounts create scheduled recovery points according to policies and restores are tested
  2. A synthetic or observed unusual cost pattern appears in anomaly alerts with impacted spend drivers
  3. Shared applicable discounts and uncovered on-demand baseline are visible by linked account
  4. A controlled threshold breach yields the expected forecast or actual spend notification

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. AWS Budgets supports spend targets and notifications on actual or forecasted cost. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: A department must be notified promptly when monthly spending exceeds its threshold.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Eligible accounts create scheduled recovery points according to policies and restores are tested. However, this does not establish the required outcome: a controlled threshold breach yields the expected forecast or actual spend notification.

B:

A synthetic or observed unusual cost pattern appears in anomaly alerts with impacted spend drivers. However, this does not establish the required outcome: a controlled threshold breach yields the expected forecast or actual spend notification.

C:

Shared applicable discounts and uncovered on-demand baseline are visible by linked account. However, this does not establish the required outcome: a controlled threshold breach yields the expected forecast or actual spend notification.

Question 107

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A department must be notified promptly when monthly spending exceeds its threshold. Requirement B: Six VPCs in three accounts need private east-west connectivity without an O(N²) peering mesh. Which TWO controls should be used together for these separate scenarios?

  1. Attach the VPCs to one centrally governed Transit Gateway and propagate approved attachment routes
  2. Create an AWS Budget with defined threshold notification recipients and appropriate budget filters
  3. Model expected service usage in AWS Pricing Calculator and compare results against historical billing trends
  4. Enable IAM Access Analyzer for the relevant zone of trust and evaluate the external-access finding
  5. Use AWS Global Accelerator with endpoint groups and regional health-based routing

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: Six VPCs in three accounts need private east-west connectivity without an O(N²) peering mesh. Transit Gateway supplies centralized transitive VPC connectivity when attachment route tables and security policies are configured. A direct acceptance check is: Approved application subnets reach each other through Transit Gateway routes and unauthorized segments remain isolated.

B:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A department must be notified promptly when monthly spending exceeds its threshold. AWS Budgets supports spend targets and notifications on actual or forecasted cost. A direct acceptance check is: A controlled threshold breach yields the expected forecast or actual spend notification.

Incorrect Answers

C:

This action targets a different technical need: Capacity planners need a monthly cost forecast that reflects a new Region and expected usage growth before deployment. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Architecture forecasts require explicit usage assumptions rather than extrapolation without design changes; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: A bucket policy accidentally grants an external AWS account access and the owner needs a provable cross-account finding. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. IAM Access Analyzer analyzes resource-based policies for external access outside the chosen trust zone; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

E:

This action targets a different technical need: A latency-sensitive global TCP application requires fast traffic steering to healthy regional application load balancers using static anycast addresses. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Global Accelerator provides stable global anycast addresses and network-level endpoint health routing; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 108

An architecture review recommends this solution: Use an appropriately designed active-active multi-Region architecture with global routing and compatible data replication. The motivating situation is: A worldwide public application targets near-zero regional failover time and already tolerates multi-Region data conflict semantics. What principle supports the selected implementation?

  1. Active-active architectures provide immediate regional capacity but require safe multi-Region data behavior
  2. Lifecycle transitions reduce storage expense only if retrieval and minimum-duration constraints fit
  3. Multi-AZ task placement and auto healing support zonal continuity for stateless applications
  4. Warm standby keeps a functional smaller recovery environment ready for rapid scaling

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Use an appropriately designed active-active multi-Region architecture with global routing and compatible data replication. The expected supporting evidence is: Failure of one Region does not interrupt healthy remaining regional capacity under synthetic load.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Objects remain indefinitely in higher-cost storage despite a proven low-access retention pattern. The stated evidence instead indicates: A single active Region was incorrectly advertised as having near-zero recovery time.

C:

All containers share a single placement failure domain and cannot be rescheduled in time. The stated evidence instead indicates: A single active Region was incorrectly advertised as having near-zero recovery time.

D:

Backup-only DR cannot restart the platform quickly enough for the required minutes-long RTO. The stated evidence instead indicates: A single active Region was incorrectly advertised as having near-zero recovery time.

Question 109

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: A public API has repeated abusive requests from a single source network but normal distributed traffic should continue. What was most likely overlooked in the original design?

  1. The service relies solely on application code with no rate-based edge filtering
  2. Imperative glue retries all upstream steps and creates duplicate side effects
  3. Service API traffic depends on public egress or an unintended NAT route despite a private-access requirement
  4. A static password in deployment parameters cannot be centrally rotated safely

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. WAF rate-based rules can limit excessive HTTP request patterns by aggregation key. The appropriate correction is: Add AWS WAF rate-based rules scoped to the API's web ACL with suitable action and monitoring. The control should then be tested by verifying that The abusive source crosses its request threshold and is blocked without blocking allowed sample traffic.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Imperative glue retries all upstream steps and creates duplicate side effects. The stated evidence instead indicates: The service relies solely on application code with no rate-based edge filtering.

C:

Service API traffic depends on public egress or an unintended NAT route despite a private-access requirement. The stated evidence instead indicates: The service relies solely on application code with no rate-based edge filtering.

D:

A static password in deployment parameters cannot be centrally rotated safely. The stated evidence instead indicates: The service relies solely on application code with no rate-based edge filtering.

Question 110

An architecture review recommends this solution: Place an SQS queue between submission and processing, with appropriately scaled consumers and DLQ policy. The motivating situation is: Order processing must survive transient database outages without permanently losing accepted incoming work. Why does this approach fit the stated design constraints?

  1. Cross-Region Replication asynchronously copies eligible objects between configured buckets
  2. Route 53 health-check failover can redirect future DNS resolutions between operational regional endpoints
  3. Durable queues decouple intake availability from downstream processing failures
  4. IAM Identity Center coordinates workforce SSO permission sets across accounts

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Place an SQS queue between submission and processing, with appropriately scaled consumers and DLQ policy. The expected supporting evidence is: Accepted messages remain durable during database downtime and are eventually processed when consumers recover.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Only source-region S3 versioning is enabled, but no replication rule or role exists. The stated evidence instead indicates: Synchronous request-to-database coupling loses or rejects work whenever the database is unavailable.

B:

The backup Region exists but DNS routing never changes after primary endpoint failure. The stated evidence instead indicates: Synchronous request-to-database coupling loses or rejects work whenever the database is unavailable.

D:

Individual IAM users were being created per account instead of using centralized workforce federation. The stated evidence instead indicates: Synchronous request-to-database coupling loses or rejects work whenever the database is unavailable.