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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Bundle

Exam Code: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

Exam Name AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

Certification Provider: Amazon

Corresponding Certification: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional

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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Practice Test 13

Question 120

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: Finance needs engineering costs apportioned by team using tags rather than guessed from account totals. Requirement B: Six VPCs in three accounts need private east-west connectivity without an O(N²) peering mesh. Which TWO responses resolve the stated issues without substituting unrelated mechanisms?

  1. Activate standardized cost allocation tags and enforce tagging through governance processes
  2. Attach the VPCs to one centrally governed Transit Gateway and propagate approved attachment routes
  3. Expose the provider through an endpoint service behind a Network Load Balancer and create consumer interface VPC endpoints
  4. Use distinct AWS Organizations organizational units and apply targeted service control policies per OU
  5. Use Compute Optimizer and validate monitoring data before right-sizing eligible instances

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: Finance needs engineering costs apportioned by team using tags rather than guessed from account totals. Cost allocation tags must be activated before they appear in billing cost analytics. A direct acceptance check is: Cost and Usage Reports or Cost Explorer show tagged team spend after activation and reporting delay.

B:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: Six VPCs in three accounts need private east-west connectivity without an O(N²) peering mesh. Transit Gateway supplies centralized transitive VPC connectivity when attachment route tables and security policies are configured. A direct acceptance check is: Approved application subnets reach each other through Transit Gateway routes and unauthorized segments remain isolated.

Incorrect Answers

C:

This action targets a different technical need: Many workload VPCs need access to a privately published service without opening routing to the provider's whole VPC. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. AWS PrivateLink exposes a selected service to consumers without full network-to-network reachability; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: Legal and nonproduction workloads require different organizational guardrails but must share central billing. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Organizational units help assign governance boundaries to related member accounts; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

E:

This action targets a different technical need: Dozens of overprovisioned EC2 instances need evidence-based CPU and memory sizing recommendations before changing families. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Compute Optimizer uses resource metrics and recommendations but must be checked against workload SLOs; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 121

For the enterprise requirement "Regulators require consistent detection and correction of publicly accessible S3 buckets across a multi-account organization", the team implemented this change: Deploy organization-managed AWS Config rules and targeted auto-remediation through approved Systems Manager Automation. Which outcome is the most meaningful acceptance test?

  1. Employees sign in using enterprise identities and receive only the mapped roles in assigned accounts
  2. Every enrolled account produces expected trail events in the security account and workloads cannot delete retained logs
  3. A noncompliant test bucket is flagged and the remediation removes its unauthorized public exposure
  4. Writes in either Region replicate to the other and conflict handling matches the business design

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. Organization-level Config rules continuously evaluate configuration and can launch controlled remediations. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: Regulators require consistent detection and correction of publicly accessible S3 buckets across a multi-account organization.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Employees sign in using enterprise identities and receive only the mapped roles in assigned accounts. However, this does not establish the required outcome: a noncompliant test bucket is flagged and the remediation removes its unauthorized public exposure.

B:

Every enrolled account produces expected trail events in the security account and workloads cannot delete retained logs. However, this does not establish the required outcome: a noncompliant test bucket is flagged and the remediation removes its unauthorized public exposure.

D:

Writes in either Region replicate to the other and conflict handling matches the business design. However, this does not establish the required outcome: a noncompliant test bucket is flagged and the remediation removes its unauthorized public exposure.

Question 122

For the enterprise requirement "An EC2 fleet has low utilization and a migration team wants instance-family replacement recommendations backed by memory metrics", the team implemented this change: Collect proper monitoring and evaluate AWS Compute Optimizer recommendations with SLO tests. Which evidence confirms the intended behavior under test?

  1. Logs identify blocked and counted requests by rule so false positives can be evaluated
  2. Chosen sizes meet memory and peak latency needs while reducing wasteful instance spending
  3. Tested gp3 configuration meets IO SLOs at lower monthly storage and provisioned-performance cost
  4. Finance reports one adjusted opportunity per overlapping recommendation source

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. Compute Optimizer estimates rightsizing opportunities subject to compatibility and workload validation. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: An EC2 fleet has low utilization and a migration team wants instance-family replacement recommendations backed by memory metrics.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Logs identify blocked and counted requests by rule so false positives can be evaluated. However, this does not establish the required outcome: chosen sizes meet memory and peak latency needs while reducing wasteful instance spending.

C:

Tested gp3 configuration meets IO SLOs at lower monthly storage and provisioned-performance cost. However, this does not establish the required outcome: chosen sizes meet memory and peak latency needs while reducing wasteful instance spending.

D:

Finance reports one adjusted opportunity per overlapping recommendation source. However, this does not establish the required outcome: chosen sizes meet memory and peak latency needs while reducing wasteful instance spending.

Question 123

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: A rarely used API experiences extreme idle hours and unpredictable spikes, making always-on EC2 capacity uneconomic. Which architecture decision best meets that precise requirement?

  1. Send eligible reads through the Aurora reader endpoint and provision suitable replica capacity
  2. Enable and configure supported RDS storage autoscaling limits and monitor growth patterns
  3. Evaluate a serverless API Gateway and Lambda architecture with cold-start and concurrency testing
  4. Use EC2 Spot capacity with checkpointing and interruption-aware retry mechanisms

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Serverless consumption models can reduce idle infrastructure charges for intermittent traffic. The required architecture outcome is: A rarely used API experiences extreme idle hours and unpredictable spikes, making always-on EC2 capacity uneconomic. Validate this choice by checking that The API meets latency SLOs under bursts and incurs low idle compute spend without permanently allocated hosts.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Every reporting query was sent to the cluster writer endpoint despite available readers. The specific problem here is that fixed EC2 capacity is provisioned 24/7 despite infrequent invocation.

B:

Storage capacity was fixed without safe growth management under variable data requirements. The specific problem here is that fixed EC2 capacity is provisioned 24/7 despite infrequent invocation.

D:

The workload uses only on-demand capacity despite safe restart or checkpoint semantics. The specific problem here is that fixed EC2 capacity is provisioned 24/7 despite infrequent invocation.

Question 124

An architecture review recommends this solution: Configure Amazon ECR cross-Region replication for the approved image repositories with regional deployment references. The motivating situation is: A global ECS deployment pulls private container images in two Regions and cannot depend on a cross-Region pull at recovery time. What principle supports the selected implementation?

  1. Multi-Region pipelines can enforce explicit promotion and approval boundaries
  2. S3 encrypted object replication needs versioning and appropriate replication-role KMS authorization
  3. EC2 Image Builder automates reproducible image lifecycles with testing and distribution
  4. ECR repository replication supports regional availability of container images when configured

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Configure Amazon ECR cross-Region replication for the approved image repositories with regional deployment references. The expected supporting evidence is: The released image digest is present in each target Region before workloads attempt recovery.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Independent release scripts lack enforceable promotion ordering and approval evidence. The stated evidence instead indicates: The disaster-recovery Region has no local image copy and the deployment assumes remote registry availability.

B:

The destination bucket is present but replication cannot use the destination KMS key. The stated evidence instead indicates: The disaster-recovery Region has no local image copy and the deployment assumes remote registry availability.

C:

Each team independently patches hand-built machine images without reproducible validation. The stated evidence instead indicates: The disaster-recovery Region has no local image copy and the deployment assumes remote registry availability.

Question 125

For the enterprise requirement "A steady service has predictable cross-family compute usage and seeks discounts without binding to one EC2 instance family", the team implemented this change: Evaluate Compute Savings Plans at a supported commitment level for the stable baseline. What should operations verify instead of relying on configuration alone?

  1. Small traffic shares move to the new stack first; an error alarm redirects traffic to the proven stack
  2. The API meets latency SLOs under bursts and incurs low idle compute spend without permanently allocated hosts
  3. Actual eligible usage receives commitment coverage while variable spikes remain flexible
  4. Worker count falls during light load and rises when queue age approaches the delivery deadline

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. Compute Savings Plans discount eligible compute spending with an hourly commitment. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: A steady service has predictable cross-family compute usage and seeks discounts without binding to one EC2 instance family.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Small traffic shares move to the new stack first; an error alarm redirects traffic to the proven stack. However, this does not establish the required outcome: actual eligible usage receives commitment coverage while variable spikes remain flexible.

B:

The API meets latency SLOs under bursts and incurs low idle compute spend without permanently allocated hosts. However, this does not establish the required outcome: actual eligible usage receives commitment coverage while variable spikes remain flexible.

D:

Worker count falls during light load and rises when queue age approaches the delivery deadline. However, this does not establish the required outcome: actual eligible usage receives commitment coverage while variable spikes remain flexible.

Question 126

An architecture review recommends this solution: Configure IAM Identity Center with enterprise IdP integration, permission sets and controlled account assignments. The motivating situation is: Employees across dozens of AWS accounts must use one corporate identity provider and centrally standardized account assignments. Which consideration makes this solution preferable to the original approach?

  1. EventBridge archives support bounded replay of previously captured events
  2. IAM Access Analyzer analyzes resource-based policies for external access outside the chosen trust zone
  3. IAM Identity Center coordinates workforce SSO permission sets across accounts
  4. Cross-account KMS use requires authorization from the key-owning account and the requesting principal

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Configure IAM Identity Center with enterprise IdP integration, permission sets and controlled account assignments. The expected supporting evidence is: Employees sign in using enterprise identities and receive only the mapped roles in assigned accounts.

Incorrect Answers

A:

No archive or retention mechanism was configured before the subscriber outage. The stated evidence instead indicates: Individual IAM users were being created per account instead of using centralized workforce federation.

B:

Resource policies were never checked for access beyond the organization's trust boundary. The stated evidence instead indicates: Individual IAM users were being created per account instead of using centralized workforce federation.

D:

The remote principal has S3 object access but lacks required key-policy and IAM decrypt permission. The stated evidence instead indicates: Individual IAM users were being created per account instead of using centralized workforce federation.

Question 127

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A collection of EC2 workers shares POSIX files and needs common file semantics while scaling workers separately. Requirement B: A legacy billing system runs nightly ETL and downstream consumers need near-real-time invoice changes. Choose TWO remedies that meet A and B respectively.

  1. Use AWS Transfer Family with a supported SFTP endpoint and appropriate identity and S3 permissions
  2. Introduce caching with explicit expiry and invalidation policies using CloudFront or ElastiCache as appropriate
  3. Migrate shared application files to Amazon EFS with appropriate mount targets and throughput configuration
  4. Introduce change data capture and an event stream or bus with replay and idempotent consumers
  5. Evaluate AWS Storage Gateway file or volume gateway mode against existing file protocol and caching requirements

Explanation

Correct Answers

C:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A collection of EC2 workers shares POSIX files and needs common file semantics while scaling workers separately. EFS provides managed shared NFS file storage for distributed Linux clients. A direct acceptance check is: Independently scaled workers can access the same files over supported NFS semantics.

D:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A legacy billing system runs nightly ETL and downstream consumers need near-real-time invoice changes. CDC-based event distribution can modernize delayed batch data propagation. A direct acceptance check is: Invoice updates arrive at consumers within the required lag and replay does not duplicate side effects.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This action targets a different technical need: External trading partners depend on SFTP interfaces, but the receiving application will store files in S3. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. AWS Transfer Family exposes managed file-transfer protocols to supported AWS storage; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

B:

This action targets a different technical need: An ecommerce backend repeatedly recomputes expensive reads for product listings that change infrequently. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Correct cache placement and invalidation reduce repeated work without violating freshness needs; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

E:

This action targets a different technical need: Branch offices retain file shares locally but need backup and tiered cloud-backed storage without replacing every client. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Storage Gateway helps bridge supported on-premises storage protocols to AWS-backed storage; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 128

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: Operations needs one centralized queue of cost optimization recommendations from multiple AWS services. Which selection is defensible under the given constraints?

  1. Deploy an AWS Control Tower landing zone and Account Factory-based governance with planned organizational units
  2. Use AWS Cost Optimization Hub with supported account enrollment and recommendation aggregation
  3. Use Compute Optimizer and validate monitoring data before right-sizing eligible instances
  4. Model expected service usage in AWS Pricing Calculator and compare results against historical billing trends

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Cost Optimization Hub consolidates and de-duplicates supported AWS cost recommendations. The required architecture outcome is: Operations needs one centralized queue of cost optimization recommendations from multiple AWS services. Validate this choice by checking that Finance sees prioritized savings opportunities and can distinguish overlapping cost recommendations.

Incorrect Answers

A:

New accounts are assembled by ad hoc scripts with inconsistent security baselines. The specific problem here is that savings recommendations exist in separate consoles and are double counted in spreadsheets.

C:

Instances were resized from average CPU alone despite memory or traffic constraints. The specific problem here is that savings recommendations exist in separate consoles and are double counted in spreadsheets.

D:

Previous-month charges were presented as accurate forecasts for an expanded future footprint. The specific problem here is that savings recommendations exist in separate consoles and are double counted in spreadsheets.

Question 129

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: A platform team learns about upcoming service maintenance only after workloads start failing. What should the solutions architect recommend?

  1. Build CloudWatch operational dashboards with service-specific metrics, structured logging, and correlation identifiers
  2. Review IAM Access Advisor last-accessed information with supported CloudTrail evidence and workload ownership confirmation
  3. Integrate AWS Health organizational events with EventBridge alerts and owner routing
  4. Run CloudFormation drift detection with planned change sets and reconcile unintended differences

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

AWS Health can surface AWS-side events relevant to affected resources and accounts. The required architecture outcome is: A platform team learns about upcoming service maintenance only after workloads start failing. Validate this choice by checking that Simulated or published applicable Health events reach the responsible operations group before planned impact.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Metrics and logs are not organized into actionable per-service operational signals. The specific problem here is that service-specific Health notifications are not routed into incident processes.

B:

Role policies retain privileges indefinitely without evidence about actual service usage. The specific problem here is that service-specific Health notifications are not routed into incident processes.

D:

Console edits accumulate because no one compares deployed state with infrastructure definitions. The specific problem here is that service-specific Health notifications are not routed into incident processes.

Question 130

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A platform service incurs shared transfer charges that cannot be assigned to consuming product teams. Requirement B: Hundreds of EC2 hosts need scheduled patch windows with evidence of patch compliance and approved maintenance boundaries. Which TWO recommendations jointly satisfy requirements A and B?

  1. Enable Security Hub delegated administration and finding aggregation for the target accounts and Regions
  2. Gate a least-privilege Systems Manager Automation runbook with an aws:approve step and retain change approval and execution records
  3. Use Cost Optimization Hub for supported consolidated recommendations and track deduplicated savings
  4. Use Systems Manager Patch Manager with patch baselines and maintenance-window runbooks
  5. Enable detailed Cost and Usage Reports with cost categories or properly activated allocation tags

Explanation

Correct Answers

D:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: Hundreds of EC2 hosts need scheduled patch windows with evidence of patch compliance and approved maintenance boundaries. Systems Manager supports fleet patching with centralized baselines and maintenance windows. A direct acceptance check is: Compliance reports show applied baselines and chosen hosts patched only during approved windows.

E:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A platform service incurs shared transfer charges that cannot be assigned to consuming product teams. CUR data and explicit allocation logic improve auditable cost attribution. A direct acceptance check is: Chargeback results trace shared spend to accounted requests or accountable service consumers.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This action targets a different technical need: A corporate SOC needs one prioritized security findings view across enabled security services and Regions. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Security Hub consolidates security posture and findings from participating services; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

B:

This action targets a different technical need: Production maintenance requires an explicit approval and tracked change record before automation updates EC2 systems. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Controlled automation separates approval from execution and preserves traceability; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

C:

This action targets a different technical need: Finance collects optimizer suggestions from Compute Optimizer, Trusted Advisor and cost dashboards but counts the same recommendation more than once. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Consolidated savings recommendations should not be summed blindly across sources; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.