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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Bundle

Exam Code: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

Exam Name AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

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Corresponding Certification: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional

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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Practice Test 10

Question 90

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: A developer fleet repeatedly creates slightly different cloud infrastructure for the same application environment. Which selection is defensible under the given constraints?

  1. Evaluate a serverless API Gateway and Lambda architecture with cold-start and concurrency testing
  2. Configure Amazon ECR cross-Region replication for the approved image repositories with regional deployment references
  3. Define the infrastructure in AWS CDK and synthesize reviewed CloudFormation templates through the deployment pipeline
  4. Use CodePipeline stages with independent regional deploy actions and a manual approval gate before the restricted stage

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

CDK expresses infrastructure as code while CloudFormation supplies deployed resource state. The required architecture outcome is: A developer fleet repeatedly creates slightly different cloud infrastructure for the same application environment. Validate this choice by checking that Identical input configurations yield reviewed deployment changes and detectable drift rather than ad hoc resources.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Fixed EC2 capacity is provisioned 24/7 despite infrequent invocation. The specific problem here is that console-created infrastructure diverged from versioned architecture definitions.

B:

The disaster-recovery Region has no local image copy and the deployment assumes remote registry availability. The specific problem here is that console-created infrastructure diverged from versioned architecture definitions.

D:

Independent release scripts lack enforceable promotion ordering and approval evidence. The specific problem here is that console-created infrastructure diverged from versioned architecture definitions.

Question 91

For the enterprise requirement "An internal monolithic API has independently scalable request handlers and low idle traffic", the team implemented this change: Extract suitable endpoints to API Gateway and Lambda with explicit authentication, throttling and timeout controls. What would most directly validate the implementation?

  1. Isolated handlers scale according to request demand and meet p95 latency and authorization targets
  2. Each workload has justified retire, retain, relocate, rehost, replatform, repurchase or refactor decision
  3. Kubernetes manifests and controllers operate within approved permissions and the control plane is managed
  4. Local clients retain supported file access while selected data is persisted to eligible AWS storage

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. Serverless APIs can separate scaling from continuously provisioned application servers. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: An internal monolithic API has independently scalable request handlers and low idle traffic.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Each workload has justified retire, retain, relocate, rehost, replatform, repurchase or refactor decision. However, this does not establish the required outcome: isolated handlers scale according to request demand and meet p95 latency and authorization targets.

C:

Kubernetes manifests and controllers operate within approved permissions and the control plane is managed. However, this does not establish the required outcome: isolated handlers scale according to request demand and meet p95 latency and authorization targets.

D:

Local clients retain supported file access while selected data is persisted to eligible AWS storage. However, this does not establish the required outcome: isolated handlers scale according to request demand and meet p95 latency and authorization targets.

Question 92

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: Several member accounts buy overlapping Reserved Instances, yet unused reservations remain in the organization. Requirement B: A brittle order-processing script has nested retries and no durable checkpoint between separate workflow steps. Select TWO actions, one for each independently scoped requirement.

  1. Move the suitable multi-step orchestration into Step Functions with named states, bounded retries and error paths
  2. Enable supported Container Insights telemetry for task and service performance diagnostics
  3. Use Systems Manager Patch Manager with patch baselines and maintenance-window runbooks
  4. Review RI utilization, supported reservation sharing and regional family coverage before buying more
  5. Benchmark throughput and latency, then evaluate a supported gp3 volume where required performance fits

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A brittle order-processing script has nested retries and no durable checkpoint between separate workflow steps. State machines improve auditability when state transitions and idempotency are designed. A direct acceptance check is: A retry resumes the failed state without independently rerunning successful steps and errors are visible in execution history.

D:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: Several member accounts buy overlapping Reserved Instances, yet unused reservations remain in the organization. RI coverage should be evaluated at consolidated billing scope where sharing is enabled. A direct acceptance check is: Discount usage improves with fewer unused reservation hours and measured baseline cost changes.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This action targets a different technical need: An ECS fleet is experiencing p99 delays but per-container CPU and memory usage are absent from operational dashboards. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Container Insights provides enhanced telemetry for container infrastructure; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

C:

This action targets a different technical need: Hundreds of EC2 hosts need scheduled patch windows with evidence of patch compliance and approved maintenance boundaries. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Systems Manager supports fleet patching with centralized baselines and maintenance windows; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

E:

This action targets a different technical need: A database team purchased oversized io2 EBS performance when measured throughput is far below its actual needs. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. EBS volume-class selection should follow measured IO and durability requirements; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 93

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A busy event-routing platform must retain dropped partner events for later controlled replay after a bug fix. Requirement B: A high-throughput session API must share ephemeral session data among multiple application instances without database round trips. Select TWO actions, one for each independently scoped requirement.

  1. Configure EventBridge archives and event replay with selection patterns and measured retention
  2. Configure Route 53 health checks with primary and secondary failover records and tested TTL behavior
  3. Define API Gateway throttling limits and usage or monitoring controls that match allowed request rates
  4. Adjust stream capacity mode or shard count and confirm partition key distribution
  5. Use ElastiCache Redis/Valkey-compatible cache with a suitable eviction and high-availability design

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A busy event-routing platform must retain dropped partner events for later controlled replay after a bug fix. EventBridge event archives retain matching historical events for later replay. A direct acceptance check is: Events captured during the fault can be replayed to a corrected consumer after recovery.

E:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A high-throughput session API must share ephemeral session data among multiple application instances without database round trips. A shared in-memory cache reduces backend read pressure when expiry and failure behavior are designed. A direct acceptance check is: Hot session lookups avoid repeated database queries and failure recovery preserves acceptable service behavior.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This action targets a different technical need: A Route 53 failover policy must move users between two independent public endpoints when the primary application fails. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. DNS health-based failover changes record responses, but clients may cache prior results; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

C:

This action targets a different technical need: A shared API must protect downstream capacity during a request spike without losing monitoring of throttled clients. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. API Gateway throttle controls bound request rates but callers should handle 429 responses; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: A Kinesis data stream has increasing write throttling because producers exceed the capacity of its current shard configuration. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Kinesis stream performance depends on provisioned or on-demand capacity and balanced partition keys; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 94

An architecture review recommends this solution: Use CodeDeploy blue-green deployment with alternate load balancer target groups and rollback alarms. The motivating situation is: A high-traffic EC2 service must release a risky version while keeping a rapid rollback path and without terminating all healthy targets at once. Why does this approach fit the stated design constraints?

  1. EC2 Image Builder automates reproducible image lifecycles with testing and distribution
  2. Network Firewall enforces stateful network rules only on traffic routed through its endpoints
  3. Blue-green deployment separates old and new environments to support safe traffic shifting
  4. CDK expresses infrastructure as code while CloudFormation supplies deployed resource state

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Use CodeDeploy blue-green deployment with alternate load balancer target groups and rollback alarms. The expected supporting evidence is: Requests switch to the replacement environment only after health tests pass, and rollback returns traffic to old targets.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Each team independently patches hand-built machine images without reproducible validation. The stated evidence instead indicates: In-place overwriting of every production instance removed the healthy comparison environment.

B:

Traffic bypasses inspection endpoints, so rules exist but are never reached. The stated evidence instead indicates: In-place overwriting of every production instance removed the healthy comparison environment.

D:

Console-created infrastructure diverged from versioned architecture definitions. The stated evidence instead indicates: In-place overwriting of every production instance removed the healthy comparison environment.

Question 95

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: A large S3 estate has unknown replication, storage-class, and lifecycle patterns that drive storage expense. What explains why the stated requirement was not met?

  1. Teams have only aggregate bills and cannot locate the source of inefficient storage usage
  2. Summary monthly bills lack the resource-level usage detail needed for chargeback
  3. Backup images exist but no continuously replicated recovery environment or launch plan is configured
  4. Resource tags were never activated as billing cost allocation dimensions

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. S3 Storage Lens supports visibility into storage activity and efficiency metrics. The appropriate correction is: Use S3 Storage Lens metrics to identify expensive bucket-level and organization-wide storage trends. The control should then be tested by verifying that Dashboards identify targeted buckets with abnormal storage patterns and lifecycle candidates.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Summary monthly bills lack the resource-level usage detail needed for chargeback. The stated evidence instead indicates: Teams have only aggregate bills and cannot locate the source of inefficient storage usage.

C:

Backup images exist but no continuously replicated recovery environment or launch plan is configured. The stated evidence instead indicates: Teams have only aggregate bills and cannot locate the source of inefficient storage usage.

D:

Resource tags were never activated as billing cost allocation dimensions. The stated evidence instead indicates: Teams have only aggregate bills and cannot locate the source of inefficient storage usage.

Question 96

An architecture review recommends this solution: Define service level indicators and targets in CloudWatch dashboards and alarms grounded in request success and p95 latency. The motivating situation is: A business-critical order API has no measured user-facing latency objective and responders cannot tell if changes make availability worse. Which technical principle most strongly justifies this recommendation?

  1. AWS Health can surface AWS-side events relevant to affected resources and accounts
  2. Systems Manager supports fleet patching with centralized baselines and maintenance windows
  3. Fault injection validates real system behavior within approved experiment boundaries
  4. Operational excellence requires observable application SLOs tied to business-critical behavior

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Define service level indicators and targets in CloudWatch dashboards and alarms grounded in request success and p95 latency. The expected supporting evidence is: Release decisions reference tracked error rate and latency burn rather than raw instance uptime alone.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Service-specific Health notifications are not routed into incident processes. The stated evidence instead indicates: Engineers measure host utilization but not the outcomes experienced by users.

B:

Patch application is manual and lacks consistent baseline selection and change evidence. The stated evidence instead indicates: Engineers measure host utilization but not the outcomes experienced by users.

C:

Availability claims rest only on architecture diagrams, not controlled chaos evidence. The stated evidence instead indicates: Engineers measure host utilization but not the outcomes experienced by users.

Question 97

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: A shared API must protect downstream capacity during a request spike without losing monitoring of throttled clients. What design flaw is the best match for the reported condition?

  1. No event archive exists to replay notifications that failed during downstream processing
  2. The service relies solely on application code with no rate-based edge filtering
  3. Instance capacity is pinned to one zone with no automated target recovery
  4. Unbounded request bursts overload backends because no gateway rate protection is configured

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. API Gateway throttle controls bound request rates but callers should handle 429 responses. The appropriate correction is: Define API Gateway throttling limits and usage or monitoring controls that match allowed request rates. The control should then be tested by verifying that Excess requests return expected throttling responses while permitted traffic continues under peak simulation.

Incorrect Answers

A:

No event archive exists to replay notifications that failed during downstream processing. The stated evidence instead indicates: Unbounded request bursts overload backends because no gateway rate protection is configured.

B:

The service relies solely on application code with no rate-based edge filtering. The stated evidence instead indicates: Unbounded request bursts overload backends because no gateway rate protection is configured.

C:

Instance capacity is pinned to one zone with no automated target recovery. The stated evidence instead indicates: Unbounded request bursts overload backends because no gateway rate protection is configured.

Question 98

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A private S3 origin behind CloudFront must block direct public object requests while allowing authorized distribution reads. Requirement B: Payment message consumers can fail repeatedly on one malformed message and must isolate it without blocking all valid messages. Which TWO responses resolve the stated issues without substituting unrelated mechanisms?

  1. Configure CloudFront Origin Access Control with an origin bucket policy restricted to the distribution
  2. Evaluate AWS Shield Advanced with supported resource protection and runbooks alongside layered edge controls
  3. Evaluate EFS throughput and performance modes and provision an appropriate supported throughput setting
  4. Configure SQS redrive policy with an appropriate dead-letter queue and maxReceiveCount
  5. Define AWS Step Functions state-machine Retry and Catch behavior with idempotent service tasks

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A private S3 origin behind CloudFront must block direct public object requests while allowing authorized distribution reads. CloudFront OAC signs origin requests and supports restrictive private S3 bucket policies. A direct acceptance check is: CloudFront retrieves approved objects while direct anonymous S3 URLs are rejected.

D:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: Payment message consumers can fail repeatedly on one malformed message and must isolate it without blocking all valid messages. SQS dead-letter queues preserve failed messages for separate inspection and remediation. A direct acceptance check is: A poison message goes to the DLQ after configured attempts while valid following messages proceed.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This action targets a different technical need: A revenue-critical public endpoint requires proactive DDoS response coordination and protected eligible application resources. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Shield Advanced adds advanced DDoS protection and response support for supported resources; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

C:

This action targets a different technical need: A shared EFS file system slows a data-processing batch even though compute workers are mostly idle. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. EFS throughput characteristics must match concurrent IO patterns and required sustained rate; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

E:

This action targets a different technical need: An order orchestration needs safe retry handling for transient service failures without rerunning completed prior steps. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Step Functions supports explicit state-level retry and error handling but side effects still require idempotency; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 99

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: An S3 bucket is repeatedly made public and security wants prompt correction beyond simply generating findings. Requirement B: A corporate SOC needs one prioritized security findings view across enabled security services and Regions. Select TWO independent changes that meet the named requirements.

  1. Enable Security Hub delegated administration and finding aggregation for the target accounts and Regions
  2. Review IAM Access Advisor last-accessed information with supported CloudTrail evidence and workload ownership confirmation
  3. Gate a least-privilege Systems Manager Automation runbook with an aws:approve step and retain change approval and execution records
  4. Enable detailed Cost and Usage Reports with cost categories or properly activated allocation tags
  5. Pair an AWS Config detection rule with controlled Systems Manager Automation remediation and change safeguards

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A corporate SOC needs one prioritized security findings view across enabled security services and Regions. Security Hub consolidates security posture and findings from participating services. A direct acceptance check is: Security Hub centrally displays eligible standardized findings with source context preserved.

E:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: An S3 bucket is repeatedly made public and security wants prompt correction beyond simply generating findings. Config rules can invoke automations for selected remediable configuration noncompliance. A direct acceptance check is: A deliberately noncompliant bucket triggers the configured corrective control and audit records.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This action targets a different technical need: A company wants to identify IAM permissions that have not been used recently before removing high-risk privileges. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Last-accessed data informs least-privilege reviews but does not prove a permission is universally unnecessary; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

C:

This action targets a different technical need: Production maintenance requires an explicit approval and tracked change record before automation updates EC2 systems. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Controlled automation separates approval from execution and preserves traceability; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: A platform service incurs shared transfer charges that cannot be assigned to consuming product teams. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. CUR data and explicit allocation logic improve auditable cost attribution; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 100

An architecture review recommends this solution: Require tightly scoped role trust and a scoped session policy or condition that limits the assumed-role credentials. The motivating situation is: A vendor assumes a role into an AWS account and must be restricted to one project's S3 prefix for that session only. Which architectural reasoning is most accurate for the choice?

  1. EventBridge archives support bounded replay of previously captured events
  2. AWS Organizations trails centralize multi-account CloudTrail logging when storage access is secured
  3. Session policies intersect with role permissions and can reduce privileges for one temporary session
  4. IAM Identity Center coordinates workforce SSO permission sets across accounts

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Require tightly scoped role trust and a scoped session policy or condition that limits the assumed-role credentials. The expected supporting evidence is: The assumed session can read the approved prefix and is denied a separate confidential prefix.

Incorrect Answers

A:

No archive or retention mechanism was configured before the subscriber outage. The stated evidence instead indicates: An overly broad assumed-role session is not constrained to the vendor's assigned resources.

B:

Disjoint local-account trails leave central auditors with incomplete visibility. The stated evidence instead indicates: An overly broad assumed-role session is not constrained to the vendor's assigned resources.

D:

Individual IAM users were being created per account instead of using centralized workforce federation. The stated evidence instead indicates: An overly broad assumed-role session is not constrained to the vendor's assigned resources.