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Microsoft SC-900 Bundle

Exam Code: SC-900

Exam Name Microsoft Security, Compliance, and Identity Fundamentals

Certification Provider: Microsoft

Corresponding Certification: Microsoft Certified: Security, Compliance, and Identity Fundamentals

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Microsoft SC-900 Practice Test 4

Question 30

At the Tarnbridge cloud software developer, a procurement checklist treats database disk encryption as proof that browser traffic is also protected. Which underlying issue most directly explains this situation?

  1. Encryption at rest and encryption in transit protect different exposures and do not automatically replace one another
  2. A cryptographic hash is intended to support comparison and integrity checks rather than restore the original message
  3. Central identity providers can supply consistent authentication and trust relationships to multiple relying applications
  4. Federation allows separate identity systems to cooperate without requiring every application to store every external user's credentials

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The evidence indicates that encryption at rest and encryption in transit protect different exposures and do not automatically replace one another. The appropriate response is to use transport encryption for data moving over the network and storage encryption for data kept on media and demonstrate that a client establishes approved TLS while the storage configuration separately reports at-rest encryption. This result addresses the stated challenge at the Tarnbridge cloud software developer.

Incorrect Answers

B:

A cryptographic hash is intended to support comparison and integrity checks rather than restore the original message. That is not the mechanism that accounts for the stated failure at the Tarnbridge cloud software developer.

C:

The case does not describe the failure mode involving identity provider sign-in service. Its core issue is that encryption at rest and encryption in transit protect different exposures and do not automatically replace one another. For the Tarnbridge cloud software developer, the direct corrective action is to use transport encryption for data moving over the network and storage encryption for data kept on media.

D:

Although federation allows separate identity systems to cooperate without requiring every application to store every external user's credentials, the presented symptoms do not support that as the primary cause; they indicate that encryption at rest and encryption in transit protect different exposures and do not automatically replace one another. For the Tarnbridge cloud software developer, the direct corrective action is to use transport encryption for data moving over the network and storage encryption for data kept on media.

Question 31

At the Tarnbridge cloud software developer, a procurement checklist treats database disk encryption as proof that browser traffic is also protected. What evidence would justify considering this concern addressed?

  1. A review identifies policy owners risk treatments and verifiable control evidence as separate deliverables
  2. A member gains the intended group-scoped resource permission while a nonmember remains denied
  3. An approved user accesses a resource from an allowed location while an unauthorized identity is blocked on the corporate network
  4. A client establishes approved TLS while the storage configuration separately reports at-rest encryption

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This is the relevant acceptance result: a client establishes approved TLS while the storage configuration separately reports at-rest encryption. It demonstrates the outcome of choosing to use transport encryption for data moving over the network and storage encryption for data kept on media. This result addresses the stated challenge at the Tarnbridge cloud software developer.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The alternative checks whether a review identifies policy owners risk treatments and verifiable control evidence as separate deliverables, which is not the direct acceptance criterion for the stated problem. The required result is that a client establishes approved TLS while the storage configuration separately reports at-rest encryption. For the Tarnbridge cloud software developer, the direct corrective action is to use transport encryption for data moving over the network and storage encryption for data kept on media.

B:

This result would validate directory group authorization, not the intended improvement. The needed observation is that a client establishes approved TLS while the storage configuration separately reports at-rest encryption. For the Tarnbridge cloud software developer, the direct corrective action is to use transport encryption for data moving over the network and storage encryption for data kept on media.

C:

This verifies a separate issue in security administration. It does not prove that a client establishes approved TLS while the storage configuration separately reports at-rest encryption for the reported situation. For the Tarnbridge cloud software developer, the direct corrective action is to use transport encryption for data moving over the network and storage encryption for data kept on media.

Question 32

At the Tarnbridge cloud software developer, a procurement checklist treats database disk encryption as proof that browser traffic is also protected. How should the organization sustain the improvement?

  1. Review residual risk acceptance after changes to insurance or controls
  2. Test expected role and audience claims after application registration changes
  3. Audit both transport and storage encryption after service migration
  4. Monitor federation certificate and trust changes during partner onboarding

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

The continuing safeguard is to audit both transport and storage encryption after service migration. It helps avoid the original condition: encryption at rest and encryption in transit protect different exposures and do not automatically replace one another. This result addresses the stated challenge at the Tarnbridge cloud software developer.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The option would have the team review residual risk acceptance after changes to insurance or controls. For this situation, the preventive control should instead be to audit both transport and storage encryption after service migration. For the Tarnbridge cloud software developer, the direct corrective action is to use transport encryption for data moving over the network and storage encryption for data kept on media.

B:

Although the proposed practice may address cases where a valid identity token proves a trusted assertion but authorization depends on the claims and policies actually present, it does not maintain the specific correction here. For the Tarnbridge cloud software developer, the direct corrective action is to use transport encryption for data moving over the network and storage encryption for data kept on media.

D:

The suggested review does not track the condition behind the incident. Sustained improvement requires the team to audit both transport and storage encryption after service migration. For the Tarnbridge cloud software developer, the direct corrective action is to use transport encryption for data moving over the network and storage encryption for data kept on media.

Question 33

At the Fairhaven regional hospital, a development team expects a shared-secret cipher to provide distinct public and private keys. Which approach best resolves the identified risk?

  1. Record insurance as risk transfer while separately deciding whether to mitigate avoid or accept remaining operational exposure
  2. Select asymmetric cryptography when different public and private keys are required by the design
  3. Center access decisions on verified identities and policy context instead of a fixed corporate perimeter
  4. Use a dedicated workload or service identity for the unattended process

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

For the Fairhaven regional hospital, the appropriate correction is to select asymmetric cryptography when different public and private keys are required by the design. The decisive reason is that symmetric encryption uses a shared secret whereas asymmetric systems use a related public-private key pair; acceptance evidence is that a documented test confirms the intended key ownership and decryption or signature verification behavior.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Record insurance as risk transfer while separately deciding whether to mitigate avoid or accept remaining operational exposure can be useful for another workload, but it leaves the immediate failure unresolved. Here the priority is to select asymmetric cryptography when different public and private keys are required by the design. For the Fairhaven regional hospital, the direct corrective action is to select asymmetric cryptography when different public and private keys are required by the design.

C:

This alternative would be suitable where cloud resources and remote workers reduce the usefulness of fixed network location as the only security boundary. It does not by itself resolve the need to select asymmetric cryptography when different public and private keys are required by the design. For the Fairhaven regional hospital, the direct corrective action is to select asymmetric cryptography when different public and private keys are required by the design.

D:

Use a dedicated workload or service identity for the unattended process addresses a different kind of problem: automated applications require independently managed identities rather than reliance on a human employee session. Here the reported weakness is that symmetric encryption uses a shared secret whereas asymmetric systems use a related public-private key pair. For the Fairhaven regional hospital, the direct corrective action is to select asymmetric cryptography when different public and private keys are required by the design.

Question 34

At the Fairhaven regional hospital, a development team expects a shared-secret cipher to provide distinct public and private keys. Which explanation best accounts for the concern?

  1. A cryptographic hash is intended to support comparison and integrity checks rather than restore the original message
  2. Symmetric encryption uses a shared secret whereas asymmetric systems use a related public-private key pair
  3. Cloud resources and remote workers reduce the usefulness of fixed network location as the only security boundary
  4. Group-based authorization can make membership-based access easier to review than scattered individual grants

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

The problem stems from the fact that symmetric encryption uses a shared secret whereas asymmetric systems use a related public-private key pair. A correct solution would select asymmetric cryptography when different public and private keys are required by the design and check that a documented test confirms the intended key ownership and decryption or signature verification behavior. This result addresses the stated challenge at the Fairhaven regional hospital.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The case does not describe the failure mode involving hashing versus encryption. Its core issue is that symmetric encryption uses a shared secret whereas asymmetric systems use a related public-private key pair. For the Fairhaven regional hospital, the direct corrective action is to select asymmetric cryptography when different public and private keys are required by the design.

C:

This explanation belongs to a different security or compliance situation. In this case, the observable gap is that symmetric encryption uses a shared secret whereas asymmetric systems use a related public-private key pair. For the Fairhaven regional hospital, the direct corrective action is to select asymmetric cryptography when different public and private keys are required by the design.

D:

Group-based authorization can make membership-based access easier to review than scattered individual grants. That may occur elsewhere, but the evidence at the Fairhaven regional hospital instead points to the fact that symmetric encryption uses a shared secret whereas asymmetric systems use a related public-private key pair.

Question 35

At the Fairhaven regional hospital, a development team expects a shared-secret cipher to provide distinct public and private keys. Which test result best shows the requirement is met?

  1. An intentionally weakened test configuration is identified as noncompliant and assigned remediation
  2. A documented test confirms the intended key ownership and decryption or signature verification behavior
  3. The reporting tool reads the permitted record but its attempted modification is denied
  4. The job runs under its approved nonhuman identity after the employee account is disabled

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This is the relevant acceptance result: a documented test confirms the intended key ownership and decryption or signature verification behavior. It demonstrates the outcome of choosing to select asymmetric cryptography when different public and private keys are required by the design. This result addresses the stated challenge at the Fairhaven regional hospital.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This verifies a separate issue in security administration. It does not prove that a documented test confirms the intended key ownership and decryption or signature verification behavior for the reported situation. For the Fairhaven regional hospital, the direct corrective action is to select asymmetric cryptography when different public and private keys are required by the design.

C:

That observation may be useful for another security or compliance workflow, but the current acceptance test must demonstrate that a documented test confirms the intended key ownership and decryption or signature verification behavior. For the Fairhaven regional hospital, the direct corrective action is to select asymmetric cryptography when different public and private keys are required by the design.

D:

At the Fairhaven regional hospital, a result about human versus service identity would not show that the team corrected the failure where symmetric encryption uses a shared secret whereas asymmetric systems use a related public-private key pair.

Question 36

At the Fairhaven regional hospital, a development team expects a shared-secret cipher to provide distinct public and private keys. Which ongoing control best prevents this issue from recurring?

  1. Review algorithms and key distribution when cryptographic integrations change
  2. Reevaluate access signals as employee devices and remote work patterns change
  3. Recheck SSO trust and session behavior after application updates
  4. Review access grants independently of account sign-in methods

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The continuing safeguard is to review algorithms and key distribution when cryptographic integrations change. It helps avoid the original condition: symmetric encryption uses a shared secret whereas asymmetric systems use a related public-private key pair. This result addresses the stated challenge at the Fairhaven regional hospital.

Incorrect Answers

B:

The suggested review does not track the condition behind the incident. Sustained improvement requires the team to review algorithms and key distribution when cryptographic integrations change. For the Fairhaven regional hospital, the direct corrective action is to select asymmetric cryptography when different public and private keys are required by the design.

C:

Recheck SSO trust and session behavior after application updates is not the primary recurring safeguard for this problem. The team should review algorithms and key distribution when cryptographic integrations change. For the Fairhaven regional hospital, the direct corrective action is to select asymmetric cryptography when different public and private keys are required by the design.

D:

This is a maintenance action for a different security or compliance situation, rather than the one that originally failed because symmetric encryption uses a shared secret whereas asymmetric systems use a related public-private key pair. For the Fairhaven regional hospital, the direct corrective action is to select asymmetric cryptography when different public and private keys are required by the design.

Question 37

At the Stonehaven cloud software developer, an operations team plans to recover an original password from a cryptographic digest stored in its database. Which implementation choice best addresses the situation?

  1. Distinguish legally binding requirements from organizational policies and voluntary or contractual standards
  2. Use properly salted one-way password hashing for password verification rather than reversible password storage
  3. Evaluate trusted token claims and required roles when authorizing sensitive operations
  4. Establish a supported federated trust so a relying application accepts assertions from the partner identity provider

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Use properly salted one-way password hashing for password verification rather than reversible password storage is the best response because a cryptographic hash is intended to support comparison and integrity checks rather than restore the original message. A focused validation would establish that a test password matches its stored verifier without any feature that decrypts a stored password digest. This result addresses the stated challenge at the Stonehaven cloud software developer.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This alternative would be suitable where an internal or industry security standard does not automatically have the same legal authority as a statute. It does not by itself resolve the need to use properly salted one-way password hashing for password verification rather than reversible password storage. For the Stonehaven cloud software developer, the direct corrective action is to use properly salted one-way password hashing for password verification rather than reversible password storage.

C:

The option addresses the separate situation where a valid identity token proves a trusted assertion but authorization depends on the claims and policies actually present. For this case, the more appropriate response is to use properly salted one-way password hashing for password verification rather than reversible password storage. For the Stonehaven cloud software developer, the direct corrective action is to use properly salted one-way password hashing for password verification rather than reversible password storage.

D:

This focuses on federation trust relationship; it does not directly correct the condition that a cryptographic hash is intended to support comparison and integrity checks rather than restore the original message. For the Stonehaven cloud software developer, the direct corrective action is to use properly salted one-way password hashing for password verification rather than reversible password storage.

Question 38

At the Stonehaven cloud software developer, an operations team plans to recover an original password from a cryptographic digest stored in its database. What risk should the team identify as the primary issue?

  1. A cryptographic hash is intended to support comparison and integrity checks rather than restore the original message
  2. Symmetric encryption uses a shared secret whereas asymmetric systems use a related public-private key pair
  3. Central identity providers can supply consistent authentication and trust relationships to multiple relying applications
  4. Federation allows separate identity systems to cooperate without requiring every application to store every external user's credentials

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

The situation shows that a cryptographic hash is intended to support comparison and integrity checks rather than restore the original message, rather than merely a monitoring or presentation issue. Remediation is to use properly salted one-way password hashing for password verification rather than reversible password storage. This result addresses the stated challenge at the Stonehaven cloud software developer.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Symmetric encryption uses a shared secret whereas asymmetric systems use a related public-private key pair. That may occur elsewhere, but the evidence at the Stonehaven cloud software developer instead points to the fact that a cryptographic hash is intended to support comparison and integrity checks rather than restore the original message.

C:

The proposed cause is relevant to identity provider sign-in service, but it does not explain why a cryptographic hash is intended to support comparison and integrity checks rather than restore the original message in the reported case. For the Stonehaven cloud software developer, the direct corrective action is to use properly salted one-way password hashing for password verification rather than reversible password storage.

D:

Federation allows separate identity systems to cooperate without requiring every application to store every external user's credentials. That is not the mechanism that accounts for the stated failure at the Stonehaven cloud software developer.

Question 39

At the Stonehaven cloud software developer, an operations team plans to recover an original password from a cryptographic digest stored in its database. What is the strongest acceptance test for this change?

  1. A responsibility matrix assigns data classification and user access approval to the customer rather than the SaaS provider
  2. The reporting tool reads the permitted record but its attempted modification is denied
  3. A test password matches its stored verifier without any feature that decrypts a stored password digest
  4. An administrator locates the user's directory object and verifies the expected groups and attributes

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This tests the real business behavior: a test password matches its stored verifier without any feature that decrypts a stored password digest. It specifically checks whether the risk that a cryptographic hash is intended to support comparison and integrity checks rather than restore the original message has been reduced. This result addresses the stated challenge at the Stonehaven cloud software developer.

Incorrect Answers

A:

That observation may be useful for another security or compliance workflow, but the current acceptance test must demonstrate that a test password matches its stored verifier without any feature that decrypts a stored password digest. For the Stonehaven cloud software developer, the direct corrective action is to use properly salted one-way password hashing for password verification rather than reversible password storage.

B:

At the Stonehaven cloud software developer, a result about authorization least privilege example would not show that the team corrected the failure where a cryptographic hash is intended to support comparison and integrity checks rather than restore the original message.

D:

This result would validate directory services user objects, not the intended improvement. The needed observation is that a test password matches its stored verifier without any feature that decrypts a stored password digest. For the Stonehaven cloud software developer, the direct corrective action is to use properly salted one-way password hashing for password verification rather than reversible password storage.

Question 40

At the Stonehaven cloud software developer, an operations team plans to recover an original password from a cryptographic digest stored in its database. Which setting or practice should be reviewed in future?

  1. Review residual risk acceptance after changes to insurance or controls
  2. Review directory service dependencies before changing authentication infrastructure
  3. Review ownership and credentials for nonhuman identities periodically
  4. Review password storage algorithms as security recommendations evolve

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

For the Stonehaven cloud software developer, this maintenance action preserves the fix: review password storage algorithms as security recommendations evolve. It should be revisited as the workload evolves.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Review residual risk acceptance after changes to insurance or controls is not the primary recurring safeguard for this problem. The team should review password storage algorithms as security recommendations evolve. For the Stonehaven cloud software developer, the direct corrective action is to use properly salted one-way password hashing for password verification rather than reversible password storage.

B:

This is a maintenance action for a different security or compliance situation, rather than the one that originally failed because a cryptographic hash is intended to support comparison and integrity checks rather than restore the original message. For the Stonehaven cloud software developer, the direct corrective action is to use properly salted one-way password hashing for password verification rather than reversible password storage.

C:

The option would have the team review ownership and credentials for nonhuman identities periodically. For this situation, the preventive control should instead be to review password storage algorithms as security recommendations evolve. For the Stonehaven cloud software developer, the direct corrective action is to use properly salted one-way password hashing for password verification rather than reversible password storage.