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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Bundle

Exam Code: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

Exam Name AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

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Corresponding Certification: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional

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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Practice Test 18

Question 170

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: Financial backups must survive destruction of the primary application account by a compromised administrator. What is the most appropriate design for this workload?

  1. Use AWS Backup cross-account copies into a protected backup account with isolated restore permissions
  2. Use AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery with supported source replication and recovery drills
  3. Use distinct AWS Organizations organizational units and apply targeted service control policies per OU
  4. Enable S3 Cross-Region Replication with correct versioning, role permissions and ownership controls

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Cross-account backup isolation reduces the effect of compromise of an application account. The required architecture outcome is: Financial backups must survive destruction of the primary application account by a compromised administrator. Validate this choice by checking that Backups remain recoverable from the dedicated account even when the application account is disabled.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Backup images exist but no continuously replicated recovery environment or launch plan is configured. The specific problem here is that every backup copy resides in the same administration boundary as the threatened workloads.

C:

All accounts share one indiscriminate service-control policy despite different risk profiles. The specific problem here is that every backup copy resides in the same administration boundary as the threatened workloads.

D:

Only source-region S3 versioning is enabled, but no replication rule or role exists. The specific problem here is that every backup copy resides in the same administration boundary as the threatened workloads.

Question 171

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: A database team purchased oversized io2 EBS performance when measured throughput is far below its actual needs. What is the most appropriate design for this workload?

  1. Benchmark throughput and latency, then evaluate a supported gp3 volume where required performance fits
  2. Use Cost Optimization Hub for supported consolidated recommendations and track deduplicated savings
  3. Analyze Cost Explorer coverage and utilization before adjusting a suitable commitment
  4. Run CloudFormation drift detection with planned change sets and reconcile unintended differences

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

EBS volume-class selection should follow measured IO and durability requirements. The required architecture outcome is: A database team purchased oversized io2 EBS performance when measured throughput is far below its actual needs. Validate this choice by checking that Tested gp3 configuration meets IO SLOs at lower monthly storage and provisioned-performance cost.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This recommendation targets a different problem: Finance collects optimizer suggestions from Compute Optimizer, Trusted Advisor and cost dashboards but counts the same recommendation more than once. Although Consolidated savings recommendations should not be summed blindly across sources, it does not directly satisfy the present scenario. The actual required acceptance result is: Tested gp3 configuration meets IO SLOs at lower monthly storage and provisioned-performance cost.

C:

Capacity commitments are purchased solely from forecast without checking historical eligible use. The specific problem here is that premium IOPS are maintained without evidence of workload needing them.

D:

Console edits accumulate because no one compares deployed state with infrastructure definitions. The specific problem here is that premium IOPS are maintained without evidence of workload needing them.

Question 172

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: An incident reviewer needs a timeline of a suspicious IAM policy change made across member accounts. Requirement B: An EC2 application needs sustained random IOPS independent of EBS volume storage-size growth. Which TWO responses resolve the stated issues without substituting unrelated mechanisms?

  1. Configure provisioned concurrency for selected published function aliases with suitable demand planning
  2. Inventory unattached EBS volumes and delete or archive approved volumes after snapshot and ownership checks
  3. Select an appropriate EBS gp3 volume with independently provisioned performance settings and test application throughput
  4. Enable Security Hub delegated administration and finding aggregation for the target accounts and Regions
  5. Aggregate CloudTrail management events with appropriately protected central storage and searchable event records

Explanation

Correct Answers

C:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: An EC2 application needs sustained random IOPS independent of EBS volume storage-size growth. gp3 separates baseline volume storage size from configurable IOPS and throughput within limits. A direct acceptance check is: The volume reaches measured IOPS requirements without unnecessary capacity inflation.

E:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: An incident reviewer needs a timeline of a suspicious IAM policy change made across member accounts. CloudTrail API event evidence supports investigation of changes to account control-plane resources. A direct acceptance check is: The actor, source and changed policy action appear in audit events from the affected account.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This action targets a different technical need: A customer-facing Lambda API has unacceptable first-request latency after inactive periods despite low average invocation cost. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Lambda provisioned concurrency keeps selected execution environments initialized to reduce startup latency; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

B:

This action targets a different technical need: Operations retains detached EBS volumes after instance termination and pays for unused storage for months. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. EBS storage billing continues for allocated volumes until they are deleted or otherwise changed; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: A corporate SOC needs one prioritized security findings view across enabled security services and Regions. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Security Hub consolidates security posture and findings from participating services; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 173

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: A noncritical archive service has a 24-hour RTO and may restore its configuration and data from protected backups. What should the solutions architect recommend?

  1. Configure protected AWS Backup Vault Lock compliance settings with appropriate retention and access governance
  2. Implement a tested backup-and-restore disaster recovery pattern with documented recovery runbooks
  3. Define AWS Step Functions state-machine Retry and Catch behavior with idempotent service tasks
  4. Maintain a pilot-light copy of the essential data and core services and automate remaining capacity restoration

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Backup-and-restore DR suits longer RTO targets when restore execution is practiced. The required architecture outcome is: A noncritical archive service has a 24-hour RTO and may restore its configuration and data from protected backups. Validate this choice by checking that A restore drill meets the 24-hour recovery target with verified data integrity and access.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Backup administrators can freely delete critical recovery points despite required immutability. The specific problem here is that a backup exists but no restore procedure or measured restore duration has been proven.

C:

Imperative glue retries all upstream steps and creates duplicate side effects. The specific problem here is that a backup exists but no restore procedure or measured restore duration has been proven.

D:

Every component must be rebuilt from scratch after failure, despite a tighter RTO. The specific problem here is that a backup exists but no restore procedure or measured restore duration has been proven.

Question 174

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: A queue-backed worker fleet is underloaded overnight but still runs a fixed large number of instances. What should the solutions architect recommend?

  1. Enable and configure supported RDS storage autoscaling limits and monitor growth patterns
  2. Add an S3 gateway VPC endpoint and route supported S3 traffic privately rather than through NAT
  3. Configure Global Accelerator listeners and healthy regional ALB or NLB endpoints
  4. Scale ECS services or EC2 Auto Scaling from queue depth and processing time metrics

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Queue-driven scaling aligns paid worker capacity with outstanding workload. The required architecture outcome is: A queue-backed worker fleet is underloaded overnight but still runs a fixed large number of instances. Validate this choice by checking that Worker count falls during light load and rises when queue age approaches the delivery deadline.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Storage capacity was fixed without safe growth management under variable data requirements. The specific problem here is that static worker capacity ignores observable demand while processing latency varies.

B:

S3 calls egress through NAT because no supported endpoint route was configured. The specific problem here is that static worker capacity ignores observable demand while processing latency varies.

C:

Region-specific public IPs and DNS routing do not provide the needed global anycast transport optimization. The specific problem here is that static worker capacity ignores observable demand while processing latency varies.

Question 175

For the enterprise requirement "A read-heavy reporting application needs an up-to-date secondary regional database copy that can be promoted in a disaster", the team implemented this change: Configure a suitable RDS cross-Region read replica where supported and rehearse replica promotion and endpoint changes. Which outcome is the most meaningful acceptance test?

  1. Failure of one Region does not interrupt healthy remaining regional capacity under synthetic load
  2. A primary health-check failure leads subsequent name resolutions toward the healthy backup Region
  3. The released image digest is present in each target Region before workloads attempt recovery
  4. Read replica lag is measured and promotion produces a usable independent writer during a DR drill

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. Cross-Region read replicas are asynchronous and may require explicit promotion in recovery. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: A read-heavy reporting application needs an up-to-date secondary regional database copy that can be promoted in a disaster.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Failure of one Region does not interrupt healthy remaining regional capacity under synthetic load. However, this does not establish the required outcome: read replica lag is measured and promotion produces a usable independent writer during a DR drill.

B:

A primary health-check failure leads subsequent name resolutions toward the healthy backup Region. However, this does not establish the required outcome: read replica lag is measured and promotion produces a usable independent writer during a DR drill.

C:

The released image digest is present in each target Region before workloads attempt recovery. However, this does not establish the required outcome: read replica lag is measured and promotion produces a usable independent writer during a DR drill.

Question 176

For the enterprise requirement "An operations team must roll out the same hardened EC2 AMI to many accounts with recorded patch and test history", the team implemented this change: Use EC2 Image Builder pipelines for controlled image build, testing and account or Region distribution. What would most directly validate the implementation?

  1. p95 latency and unit costs improve in a representative arm64 canary with all native libraries working
  2. The alias sends the intended approximate percentage to the canary version and reverts after a simulated alarm
  3. The resulting image has verified packages, a traceable version and permitted availability in target accounts
  4. Identical input configurations yield reviewed deployment changes and detectable drift rather than ad hoc resources

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. EC2 Image Builder automates reproducible image lifecycles with testing and distribution. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: An operations team must roll out the same hardened EC2 AMI to many accounts with recorded patch and test history.

Incorrect Answers

A:

P95 latency and unit costs improve in a representative arm64 canary with all native libraries working. However, this does not establish the required outcome: the resulting image has verified packages, a traceable version and permitted availability in target accounts.

B:

The alias sends the intended approximate percentage to the canary version and reverts after a simulated alarm. However, this does not establish the required outcome: the resulting image has verified packages, a traceable version and permitted availability in target accounts.

D:

Identical input configurations yield reviewed deployment changes and detectable drift rather than ad hoc resources. However, this does not establish the required outcome: the resulting image has verified packages, a traceable version and permitted availability in target accounts.

Question 177

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: A public S3 bucket and KMS key unexpectedly trust principals outside the company's AWS organization. Which underlying cause should be investigated first?

  1. Threat detection remains inconsistently deployed across member accounts and Regions
  2. Resource-based trust was not evaluated beyond local IAM identity permission reports
  3. Findings remain siloed in local account consoles and cannot be triaged centrally
  4. Administrators run sensitive maintenance scripts with no enforced approval or trail

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. Access Analyzer detects eligible resource trust outside its zone of trust. The appropriate correction is: Run IAM Access Analyzer external-access findings scoped to the organization and fix the exact resource policies. The control should then be tested by verifying that Cross-account access findings identify external principals and clear only when permissions are corrected.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Threat detection remains inconsistently deployed across member accounts and Regions. The stated evidence instead indicates: Resource-based trust was not evaluated beyond local IAM identity permission reports.

C:

Findings remain siloed in local account consoles and cannot be triaged centrally. The stated evidence instead indicates: Resource-based trust was not evaluated beyond local IAM identity permission reports.

D:

Administrators run sensitive maintenance scripts with no enforced approval or trail. The stated evidence instead indicates: Resource-based trust was not evaluated beyond local IAM identity permission reports.

Question 178

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A legacy database must meet high transactional availability and can accept conversion to an Aurora-compatible engine. Requirement B: A legacy monolith must be separated into business capabilities gradually without taking a risky one-time rewrite. Select TWO independent changes that meet the named requirements.

  1. Modernize to an appropriately configured Amazon Aurora cluster with multi-AZ storage and tested failover
  2. Apply the strangler pattern, routing one well-defined capability at a time to a tested new service
  3. Identify bounded contexts and isolate independently deployable modules with explicit APIs and data ownership
  4. Prefer a supported homogeneous DMS migration or native replication pattern with CDC where suitable
  5. Migrate shared application files to Amazon EFS with appropriate mount targets and throughput configuration

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A legacy database must meet high transactional availability and can accept conversion to an Aurora-compatible engine. Aurora offers managed high availability features for supported relational engines. A direct acceptance check is: A controlled writer failure maintains recoverable transactional access after cluster endpoint reconnection.

B:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A legacy monolith must be separated into business capabilities gradually without taking a risky one-time rewrite. Incremental strangler migration reduces cutover risk through bounded feature replacement. A direct acceptance check is: New capability traffic can be rolled back while untouched monolith endpoints remain functional.

Incorrect Answers

C:

This action targets a different technical need: A large retail monolith has tightly coupled inventory, checkout and customer modules that scale as one deployment. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Domain-aligned service boundaries require APIs and deliberate data ownership separation; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: A source MySQL workload must migrate to Amazon RDS MySQL without an engine conversion project. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Homogeneous migrations usually focus on data replication, compatibility details and cutover rather than engine-language rewrite; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

E:

This action targets a different technical need: A collection of EC2 workers shares POSIX files and needs common file semantics while scaling workers separately. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. EFS provides managed shared NFS file storage for distributed Linux clients; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 179

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: Network administrators must manage a shared subnet centrally while application accounts place their own resources in it. Which option best aligns with the business and technical requirement?

  1. Configure the applicable AWS Organizations delegated administrator in a dedicated security account
  2. Deploy an AWS Control Tower landing zone and Account Factory-based governance with planned organizational units
  3. Enable VPC subnet sharing through AWS RAM for eligible accounts in the same organization
  4. Use AWS Cost Optimization Hub with supported account enrollment and recommendation aggregation

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

VPC sharing separates network ownership from application resource ownership. The required architecture outcome is: Network administrators must manage a shared subnet centrally while application accounts place their own resources in it. Validate this choice by checking that Participant-owned permitted resources deploy into the shared subnet while networking account retains network ownership.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Management-account-only operations were mistaken for necessary daily centralized security administration. The specific problem here is that separate VPC copies and peering links were created instead of sharing centrally governed subnets.

B:

New accounts are assembled by ad hoc scripts with inconsistent security baselines. The specific problem here is that separate VPC copies and peering links were created instead of sharing centrally governed subnets.

D:

Savings recommendations exist in separate consoles and are double counted in spreadsheets. The specific problem here is that separate VPC copies and peering links were created instead of sharing centrally governed subnets.

Question 180

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A Lambda-backed API team wants to expose only ten percent of traffic to a new function revision before promoting it. Requirement B: A noncritical archive service has a 24-hour RTO and may restore its configuration and data from protected backups. Choose TWO actions that directly address these separate problems.

  1. Publish a Lambda version and configure weighted alias routing with deployment alarms
  2. Configure a suitable RDS cross-Region read replica where supported and rehearse replica promotion and endpoint changes
  3. Use CloudFormation StackSets with the appropriate organization deployment permissions and guarded account or OU targeting
  4. Enable GuardDuty organization-wide with designated administrator and configured regional coverage
  5. Implement a tested backup-and-restore disaster recovery pattern with documented recovery runbooks

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A Lambda-backed API team wants to expose only ten percent of traffic to a new function revision before promoting it. Lambda aliases support weighted traffic between published versions with monitored promotion. A direct acceptance check is: The alias sends the intended approximate percentage to the canary version and reverts after a simulated alarm.

E:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A noncritical archive service has a 24-hour RTO and may restore its configuration and data from protected backups. Backup-and-restore DR suits longer RTO targets when restore execution is practiced. A direct acceptance check is: A restore drill meets the 24-hour recovery target with verified data integrity and access.

Incorrect Answers

B:

This action targets a different technical need: A read-heavy reporting application needs an up-to-date secondary regional database copy that can be promoted in a disaster. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Cross-Region read replicas are asynchronous and may require explicit promotion in recovery; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

C:

This action targets a different technical need: A platform team deploys the same baseline IAM roles and configuration stacks into 70 governed member accounts. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. CloudFormation StackSets manages stack instances across accounts and Regions from a controlled template; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: A central security team needs automated detections for unusual cross-account API activity and suspected credential misuse. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. GuardDuty consumes AWS data sources to identify suspicious behavior and report findings; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.