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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Bundle

Exam Code: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

Exam Name AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Practice Test 17

Question 160

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: Large fault-tolerant batch analytics jobs can be interrupted and resumed while the team pays full on-demand prices. Which missing control accounts for the continuing issue?

  1. Fixed hot storage is retained for every object because teams cannot forecast access patterns
  2. Fixed EC2 capacity is provisioned 24/7 despite infrequent invocation
  3. DNS simple routing cannot automatically reflect the application's health
  4. The workload uses only on-demand capacity despite safe restart or checkpoint semantics

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. Spot Instances optimize interruptible capacity costs when jobs tolerate reclaim events. The appropriate correction is: Use EC2 Spot capacity with checkpointing and interruption-aware retry mechanisms. The control should then be tested by verifying that A simulated interruption causes bounded rework and lowers total compute cost without losing final results.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Fixed hot storage is retained for every object because teams cannot forecast access patterns. The stated evidence instead indicates: The workload uses only on-demand capacity despite safe restart or checkpoint semantics.

B:

Fixed EC2 capacity is provisioned 24/7 despite infrequent invocation. The stated evidence instead indicates: The workload uses only on-demand capacity despite safe restart or checkpoint semantics.

C:

DNS simple routing cannot automatically reflect the application's health. The stated evidence instead indicates: The workload uses only on-demand capacity despite safe restart or checkpoint semantics.

Question 161

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: Multiple production CloudFormation stacks are routinely modified directly in the console after deployment. What original architectural gap most directly explains the failure?

  1. Config findings are left as unactioned notifications while risky drift remains exposed
  2. Passive regional copies exist without health-driven endpoint selection
  3. Engineers measure host utilization but not the outcomes experienced by users
  4. Console edits accumulate because no one compares deployed state with infrastructure definitions

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. CloudFormation drift assessment detects deviations from supported template-managed resource properties. The appropriate correction is: Run CloudFormation drift detection with planned change sets and reconcile unintended differences. The control should then be tested by verifying that Deliberately changed parameters are reported as drift and corrected through approved IaC updates.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Config findings are left as unactioned notifications while risky drift remains exposed. The stated evidence instead indicates: Console edits accumulate because no one compares deployed state with infrastructure definitions.

B:

Passive regional copies exist without health-driven endpoint selection. The stated evidence instead indicates: Console edits accumulate because no one compares deployed state with infrastructure definitions.

C:

Engineers measure host utilization but not the outcomes experienced by users. The stated evidence instead indicates: Console edits accumulate because no one compares deployed state with infrastructure definitions.

Question 162

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: A legacy billing system runs nightly ETL and downstream consumers need near-real-time invoice changes. Which root cause is most consistent with the observation?

  1. Workflow state and failure recovery are hidden in fragile custom imperative scripts
  2. All consumers wait for a nightly export despite a near-real-time freshness requirement
  3. Database engine migration was assumed to be a simple homogeneous replication job
  4. Shared data and internal method calls prevent independent deployment and scale

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. CDC-based event distribution can modernize delayed batch data propagation. The appropriate correction is: Introduce change data capture and an event stream or bus with replay and idempotent consumers. The control should then be tested by verifying that Invoice updates arrive at consumers within the required lag and replay does not duplicate side effects.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Workflow state and failure recovery are hidden in fragile custom imperative scripts. The stated evidence instead indicates: All consumers wait for a nightly export despite a near-real-time freshness requirement.

C:

Database engine migration was assumed to be a simple homogeneous replication job. The stated evidence instead indicates: All consumers wait for a nightly export despite a near-real-time freshness requirement.

D:

Shared data and internal method calls prevent independent deployment and scale. The stated evidence instead indicates: All consumers wait for a nightly export despite a near-real-time freshness requirement.

Question 163

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A company wants to identify IAM permissions that have not been used recently before removing high-risk privileges. Requirement B: A transactional RDS instance becomes slow under concurrency and the team needs to distinguish SQL waits from CPU pressure. Which TWO controls should be used together for these separate scenarios?

  1. Use enhanced fan-out for supported registered consumers or otherwise allocate read capacity explicitly
  2. Schedule automated and manual AWS Backup restore testing into an isolated validation environment
  3. Use S3 Access Points or carefully scoped bucket policies to isolate each team's required object prefixes
  4. Review IAM Access Advisor last-accessed information with supported CloudTrail evidence and workload ownership confirmation
  5. Use CloudWatch Database Insights to identify RDS database load by SQL statements and wait events before changing capacity

Explanation

Correct Answers

D:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A company wants to identify IAM permissions that have not been used recently before removing high-risk privileges. Last-accessed data informs least-privilege reviews but does not prove a permission is universally unnecessary. A direct acceptance check is: Candidates for removal have verified inactivity context and revocation tests do not break approved workflows.

E:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A transactional RDS instance becomes slow under concurrency and the team needs to distinguish SQL waits from CPU pressure. Database performance diagnostics should identify the specific bottleneck before scaling. A direct acceptance check is: The dominant query wait events can be linked to the observed transaction latency.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This action targets a different technical need: A Kinesis stream has adequate shard write capacity but multiple consumers compete for read throughput and fall behind. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Kinesis enhanced fan-out provides dedicated consumer read throughput within service limits; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

B:

This action targets a different technical need: The backup team reports high snapshot completion success but no one has recovered the database from those snapshots. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Recovery objectives require tested restore outcomes, not merely completed backups; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

C:

This action targets a different technical need: A shared S3 data lake gives two analytics teams unnecessarily broad bucket access. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. S3 Access Points can support distinct access policies for shared buckets; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 164

An architecture review recommends this solution: Use AWS Backup cross-account copies into a protected backup account with isolated restore permissions. The motivating situation is: Financial backups must survive destruction of the primary application account by a compromised administrator. Which consideration makes this solution preferable to the original approach?

  1. Durable queues decouple intake availability from downstream processing failures
  2. Cross-account backup isolation reduces the effect of compromise of an application account
  3. Stateful network inspection requires symmetric paths through the selected inspection appliance
  4. EventBridge archives support bounded replay of previously captured events

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Use AWS Backup cross-account copies into a protected backup account with isolated restore permissions. The expected supporting evidence is: Backups remain recoverable from the dedicated account even when the application account is disabled.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Synchronous request-to-database coupling loses or rejects work whenever the database is unavailable. The stated evidence instead indicates: Every backup copy resides in the same administration boundary as the threatened workloads.

C:

The inspection design allows forward and return packets to use different stateful inspection appliances. The stated evidence instead indicates: Every backup copy resides in the same administration boundary as the threatened workloads.

D:

No archive or retention mechanism was configured before the subscriber outage. The stated evidence instead indicates: Every backup copy resides in the same administration boundary as the threatened workloads.

Question 165

An architecture review recommends this solution: Inventory unattached EBS volumes and delete or archive approved volumes after snapshot and ownership checks. The motivating situation is: Operations retains detached EBS volumes after instance termination and pays for unused storage for months. Which architectural reasoning is most accurate for the choice?

  1. Savings Plan decisions require evidence about coverage and utilization of eligible compute
  2. EBS storage billing continues for allocated volumes until they are deleted or otherwise changed
  3. AWS Health can surface AWS-side events relevant to affected resources and accounts
  4. Placement and traffic pattern matter to data transfer costs as much as raw compute prices

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Inventory unattached EBS volumes and delete or archive approved volumes after snapshot and ownership checks. The expected supporting evidence is: Approved orphaned volumes stop generating storage costs while protected volumes remain recoverable.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Capacity commitments are purchased solely from forecast without checking historical eligible use. The stated evidence instead indicates: Unattached volumes are treated as free merely because they are not mounted.

C:

Service-specific Health notifications are not routed into incident processes. The stated evidence instead indicates: Unattached volumes are treated as free merely because they are not mounted.

D:

Workload service calls repeatedly cross paid network boundaries without quantified need. The stated evidence instead indicates: Unattached volumes are treated as free merely because they are not mounted.

Question 166

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: A managed relational database continuously exceeds planned storage allocation but manual overprovisioning wastes capacity. What is the most appropriate design for this workload?

  1. Scale ECS services or EC2 Auto Scaling from queue depth and processing time metrics
  2. Enable and configure supported RDS storage autoscaling limits and monitor growth patterns
  3. Evaluate Compute Savings Plans at a supported commitment level for the stable baseline
  4. Define the infrastructure in AWS CDK and synthesize reviewed CloudFormation templates through the deployment pipeline

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

RDS storage autoscaling can add storage within configured limits but does not automatically shrink it. The required architecture outcome is: A managed relational database continuously exceeds planned storage allocation but manual overprovisioning wastes capacity. Validate this choice by checking that Free storage stays above emergency thresholds while capacity grows within policy rather than being oversized initially.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Static worker capacity ignores observable demand while processing latency varies. The specific problem here is that storage capacity was fixed without safe growth management under variable data requirements.

C:

Stable compute baseline is paid at on-demand rates without analyzed commitments. The specific problem here is that storage capacity was fixed without safe growth management under variable data requirements.

D:

Console-created infrastructure diverged from versioned architecture definitions. The specific problem here is that storage capacity was fixed without safe growth management under variable data requirements.

Question 167

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: A scientific dataset spans petabytes over an unreliable 100-Mbps WAN and must arrive before a fixed laboratory deadline. Which architecture decision best meets that precise requirement?

  1. Reserve an AWS Data Transfer Terminal session and bring compatible encrypted storage to upload through its high-bandwidth AWS connection
  2. Assess schema, procedural conversion complexity and application query compatibility using suitable database migration assessment tools
  3. Assess license portability, dedicated-host requirements and AWS License Manager before choosing targets
  4. Estimate transfer duration and select online versus physical transfer based on throughput, change rate and cutoff window

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Migration transfer methods must fit volume, available bandwidth and allowed downtime. The required architecture outcome is: A scientific dataset spans petabytes over an unreliable 100-Mbps WAN and must arrive before a fixed laboratory deadline. Validate this choice by checking that A tested transfer plan shows enough effective throughput plus integrity checks for the deadline.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The migration plan assumes a new AWS Snowball Edge device can still be ordered even though new-customer ordering is unavailable. The specific problem here is that a simple online copy was selected without calculating network capacity and transfer duration.

B:

Database engine migration was assumed to be a simple homogeneous replication job. The specific problem here is that a simple online copy was selected without calculating network capacity and transfer duration.

C:

Licensing constraints were omitted until after destination EC2 instances were chosen. The specific problem here is that a simple online copy was selected without calculating network capacity and transfer duration.

Question 168

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: On-premises servers must resolve names in a private Route 53 hosted zone without exposing those records publicly. What is the most appropriate design for this workload?

  1. Provision redundant Direct Connect connections and a Direct Connect gateway associated with appropriate transit or virtual private gateways
  2. Attach the VPCs to one centrally governed Transit Gateway and propagate approved attachment routes
  3. Deploy Route 53 Resolver inbound endpoints and configure corporate conditional DNS forwarding for the private zone
  4. Create an AWS Budget with defined threshold notification recipients and appropriate budget filters

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Inbound Resolver endpoints enable hybrid clients to ask VPC-associated private-zone DNS questions. The required architecture outcome is: On-premises servers must resolve names in a private Route 53 hosted zone without exposing those records publicly. Validate this choice by checking that Queries from on-premises resolvers return the expected private-zone records through inbound endpoint addresses.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A single Direct Connect circuit creates a site-to-cloud connectivity single point of failure. The specific problem here is that on-premises DNS has no forwarding path into the VPC's Route 53 Resolver.

B:

Separate point-to-point VPC peering connections lack transitive routing and are difficult to govern at scale. The specific problem here is that on-premises DNS has no forwarding path into the VPC's Route 53 Resolver.

D:

The team relies exclusively on retrospective end-of-month billing statements. The specific problem here is that on-premises DNS has no forwarding path into the VPC's Route 53 Resolver.

Question 169

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: A high-traffic EC2 service must release a risky version while keeping a rapid rollback path and without terminating all healthy targets at once. Which underlying cause should be investigated first?

  1. Traffic bypasses inspection endpoints, so rules exist but are never reached
  2. In-place overwriting of every production instance removed the healthy comparison environment
  3. Independent release scripts lack enforceable promotion ordering and approval evidence
  4. A successful compilation is treated as proof that the release is safe and functional

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. Blue-green deployment separates old and new environments to support safe traffic shifting. The appropriate correction is: Use CodeDeploy blue-green deployment with alternate load balancer target groups and rollback alarms. The control should then be tested by verifying that Requests switch to the replacement environment only after health tests pass, and rollback returns traffic to old targets.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Traffic bypasses inspection endpoints, so rules exist but are never reached. The stated evidence instead indicates: In-place overwriting of every production instance removed the healthy comparison environment.

C:

Independent release scripts lack enforceable promotion ordering and approval evidence. The stated evidence instead indicates: In-place overwriting of every production instance removed the healthy comparison environment.

D:

A successful compilation is treated as proof that the release is safe and functional. The stated evidence instead indicates: In-place overwriting of every production instance removed the healthy comparison environment.

Question 170

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: Financial backups must survive destruction of the primary application account by a compromised administrator. What is the most appropriate design for this workload?

  1. Use AWS Backup cross-account copies into a protected backup account with isolated restore permissions
  2. Use AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery with supported source replication and recovery drills
  3. Use distinct AWS Organizations organizational units and apply targeted service control policies per OU
  4. Enable S3 Cross-Region Replication with correct versioning, role permissions and ownership controls

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

Cross-account backup isolation reduces the effect of compromise of an application account. The required architecture outcome is: Financial backups must survive destruction of the primary application account by a compromised administrator. Validate this choice by checking that Backups remain recoverable from the dedicated account even when the application account is disabled.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Backup images exist but no continuously replicated recovery environment or launch plan is configured. The specific problem here is that every backup copy resides in the same administration boundary as the threatened workloads.

C:

All accounts share one indiscriminate service-control policy despite different risk profiles. The specific problem here is that every backup copy resides in the same administration boundary as the threatened workloads.

D:

Only source-region S3 versioning is enabled, but no replication rule or role exists. The specific problem here is that every backup copy resides in the same administration boundary as the threatened workloads.