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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Bundle

Exam Code: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

Exam Name AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Practice Test 58

Question 570

An architecture review recommends this solution: Use AWS Application Migration Service for compatible server replication, test launches and cutover orchestration. The motivating situation is: An estate of supported Linux and Windows VMs must rehost to EC2 with minimal application modification and short cutovers. Why does this approach fit the stated design constraints?

  1. AWS MGN supports continuous server replication and orchestrated rehosting validation
  2. Mainframe migrations need purpose-built assessment and conversion or replatform planning
  3. A centralized migration tracking layer supports coordination across application teams
  4. Container modernization requires tested runtime behavior and reversible client routing

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Use AWS Application Migration Service for compatible server replication, test launches and cutover orchestration. The expected supporting evidence is: Replicated servers boot in AWS test VPCs with verified application functionality before cutover.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Mainframe batch and transaction semantics were treated as if they were ordinary Linux workloads. The stated evidence instead indicates: Manual one-time disk copying cannot keep hundreds of moving workloads synchronized until cutover.

C:

Migration tasks are tracked in separate team documents with no common portfolio state. The stated evidence instead indicates: Manual one-time disk copying cannot keep hundreds of moving workloads synchronized until cutover.

D:

Traffic was switched to the container environment before dependent services and probes were verified. The stated evidence instead indicates: Manual one-time disk copying cannot keep hundreds of moving workloads synchronized until cutover.

Question 571

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A transactional RDS instance becomes slow under concurrency and the team needs to distinguish SQL waits from CPU pressure. Requirement B: A mission-critical RDS instance is single-AZ and routine maintenance causes extended application downtime. Choose TWO remedies that meet A and B respectively.

  1. Collect proper monitoring and evaluate AWS Compute Optimizer recommendations with SLO tests
  2. Use CloudWatch Database Insights to identify RDS database load by SQL statements and wait events before changing capacity
  3. Select an appropriate EBS gp3 volume with independently provisioned performance settings and test application throughput
  4. Enable and test DynamoDB point-in-time recovery for the table and recovery runbook
  5. Design a supported Multi-AZ deployment with reconnection handling and execute maintenance drills

Explanation

Correct Answers

B:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A transactional RDS instance becomes slow under concurrency and the team needs to distinguish SQL waits from CPU pressure. Database performance diagnostics should identify the specific bottleneck before scaling. A direct acceptance check is: The dominant query wait events can be linked to the observed transaction latency.

E:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A mission-critical RDS instance is single-AZ and routine maintenance causes extended application downtime. RDS Multi-AZ maintains standby capacity for high availability and managed failover. A direct acceptance check is: Database failover restarts service within the tested objective after a zone loss.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This action targets a different technical need: An EC2 fleet has low utilization and a migration team wants instance-family replacement recommendations backed by memory metrics. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Compute Optimizer estimates rightsizing opportunities subject to compatibility and workload validation; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

C:

This action targets a different technical need: An EC2 application needs sustained random IOPS independent of EBS volume storage-size growth. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. gp3 separates baseline volume storage size from configurable IOPS and throughput within limits; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: A DynamoDB application requires recovery from accidental writes to an earlier point within a month. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. DynamoDB PITR restores to a selected point within its available recovery window; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 572

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: Employees across dozens of AWS accounts must use one corporate identity provider and centrally standardized account assignments. What is the most appropriate design for this workload?

  1. Require tightly scoped role trust and a scoped session policy or condition that limits the assumed-role credentials
  2. Configure IAM Identity Center with enterprise IdP integration, permission sets and controlled account assignments
  3. Update the key policy and consumer IAM permissions for the cross-account principal, alongside S3 access authorization
  4. Deploy an AWS Control Tower landing zone and Account Factory-based governance with planned organizational units

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

IAM Identity Center coordinates workforce SSO permission sets across accounts. The required architecture outcome is: Employees across dozens of AWS accounts must use one corporate identity provider and centrally standardized account assignments. Validate this choice by checking that Employees sign in using enterprise identities and receive only the mapped roles in assigned accounts.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An overly broad assumed-role session is not constrained to the vendor's assigned resources. The specific problem here is that individual IAM users were being created per account instead of using centralized workforce federation.

C:

The remote principal has S3 object access but lacks required key-policy and IAM decrypt permission. The specific problem here is that individual IAM users were being created per account instead of using centralized workforce federation.

D:

New accounts are assembled by ad hoc scripts with inconsistent security baselines. The specific problem here is that individual IAM users were being created per account instead of using centralized workforce federation.

Question 573

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: An engineer repeatedly leaves management ports publicly accessible despite a configuration guardrail document. Requirement B: An ECS fleet is experiencing p99 delays but per-container CPU and memory usage are absent from operational dashboards. Select TWO independent changes that meet the named requirements.

  1. Enable Security Hub delegated administration and finding aggregation for the target accounts and Regions
  2. Enable supported Container Insights telemetry for task and service performance diagnostics
  3. Instrument eligible application components with AWS X-Ray tracing or supported distributed tracing correlation
  4. Select an appropriate EBS gp3 volume with independently provisioned performance settings and test application throughput
  5. Add AWS Config evaluation for the risky security-group condition with controlled notification and remediation

Explanation

Correct Answers

B:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: An ECS fleet is experiencing p99 delays but per-container CPU and memory usage are absent from operational dashboards. Container Insights provides enhanced telemetry for container infrastructure. A direct acceptance check is: High-latency periods correlate with a specific task's memory or CPU saturation.

E:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: An engineer repeatedly leaves management ports publicly accessible despite a configuration guardrail document. AWS Config checks configuration changes against evaluable rules and supports managed remediation actions. A direct acceptance check is: A test ingress rule is flagged and corrected through the authorized remediation workflow.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This action targets a different technical need: A corporate SOC needs one prioritized security findings view across enabled security services and Regions. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Security Hub consolidates security posture and findings from participating services; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

C:

This action targets a different technical need: A distributed transaction takes too long but the application log contains no per-hop timing breakdown. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Distributed tracing provides span-level request-path visibility across instrumented services; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: An EC2 application needs sustained random IOPS independent of EBS volume storage-size growth. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. gp3 separates baseline volume storage size from configurable IOPS and throughput within limits; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 574

For the enterprise requirement "A monolithic Windows process has been decomposed into HTTP services that can run in managed containers without operating its own servers", the team implemented this change: Package services into supported containers and deploy with ECS on Fargate and scalable load balancing. Which observation should be required before the change is approved?

  1. A conversion report identifies unsupported objects and a pilot executes critical queries correctly
  2. Services scale independently and teams do not manage EC2 container worker hosts
  3. Independently scaled workers can access the same files over supported NFS semantics
  4. Existing clients publish and consume messages with acceptable protocol compatibility after controlled cutover

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. Fargate can run supported ECS container tasks without customer-managed worker hosts. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: A monolithic Windows process has been decomposed into HTTP services that can run in managed containers without operating its own servers.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A conversion report identifies unsupported objects and a pilot executes critical queries correctly. However, this does not establish the required outcome: services scale independently and teams do not manage EC2 container worker hosts.

C:

Independently scaled workers can access the same files over supported NFS semantics. However, this does not establish the required outcome: services scale independently and teams do not manage EC2 container worker hosts.

D:

Existing clients publish and consume messages with acceptable protocol compatibility after controlled cutover. However, this does not establish the required outcome: services scale independently and teams do not manage EC2 container worker hosts.

Question 575

For the enterprise requirement "A platform team learns about upcoming service maintenance only after workloads start failing", the team implemented this change: Integrate AWS Health organizational events with EventBridge alerts and owner routing. What observed result would demonstrate successful delivery of the requested capability?

  1. Release decisions reference tracked error rate and latency burn rather than raw instance uptime alone
  2. A retry resumes the failed state without independently rerunning successful steps and errors are visible in execution history
  3. Discount usage improves with fewer unused reservation hours and measured baseline cost changes
  4. Simulated or published applicable Health events reach the responsible operations group before planned impact

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. AWS Health can surface AWS-side events relevant to affected resources and accounts. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: A platform team learns about upcoming service maintenance only after workloads start failing.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Release decisions reference tracked error rate and latency burn rather than raw instance uptime alone. However, this does not establish the required outcome: simulated or published applicable Health events reach the responsible operations group before planned impact.

B:

A retry resumes the failed state without independently rerunning successful steps and errors are visible in execution history. However, this does not establish the required outcome: simulated or published applicable Health events reach the responsible operations group before planned impact.

C:

Discount usage improves with fewer unused reservation hours and measured baseline cost changes. However, this does not establish the required outcome: simulated or published applicable Health events reach the responsible operations group before planned impact.

Question 576

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A multi-account organization must prevent member accounts from disabling mandatory CloudTrail trails even when local administrators hold broad IAM policies. Requirement B: A global web application must fail over to a secondary Region if the primary public endpoint becomes unhealthy. Which TWO recommendations jointly satisfy requirements A and B?

  1. Use distinct AWS Organizations organizational units and apply targeted service control policies per OU
  2. Use Route 53 failover records with health checks and independently deployed regional stacks
  3. Use AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery with supported source replication and recovery drills
  4. Apply a targeted Organizations service control policy denying prohibited CloudTrail disablement actions in affected OUs
  5. Configure an organization trail delivered to a protected central S3 bucket with appropriate key and bucket controls

Explanation

Correct Answers

B:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A global web application must fail over to a secondary Region if the primary public endpoint becomes unhealthy. Route 53 health-check failover can redirect future DNS resolutions between operational regional endpoints. A direct acceptance check is: A synthetic endpoint failure directs new DNS resolutions to the secondary healthy stack within the planned TTL behavior.

D:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A multi-account organization must prevent member accounts from disabling mandatory CloudTrail trails even when local administrators hold broad IAM policies. Service control policies set permission ceilings for member account principals and cannot grant access themselves. A direct acceptance check is: An administrator's disable request is denied while an authorized central management path remains available.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This action targets a different technical need: Legal and nonproduction workloads require different organizational guardrails but must share central billing. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Organizational units help assign governance boundaries to related member accounts; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

C:

This action targets a different technical need: Hundreds of virtual machines require orchestrated recovery into AWS after a primary on-premises site failure. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery supports block-level replication and automated recovery launches; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

E:

This action targets a different technical need: Compliance requires protected organization-wide API activity logs to flow into a centralized security account with controlled deletion. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. AWS Organizations trails centralize multi-account CloudTrail logging when storage access is secured; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 577

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A Windows estate contains expensive licensed products whose licensing rights differ between shared tenancy and dedicated hosts. Requirement B: A business database needs a low-downtime migration from on-premises PostgreSQL to Amazon RDS PostgreSQL. Which TWO architecture changes cover both acceptance criteria?

  1. Classify sensitive datasets and map AWS Regions, key ownership and access controls before selecting migration waves
  2. Assess license portability, dedicated-host requirements and AWS License Manager before choosing targets
  3. Run schema-conversion assessment only and take an offline one-time PostgreSQL export/import snapshot, without AWS DMS change data capture or a tested low-downtime cutover.
  4. Run a full-load and CDC migration trial but cut the application over before the replication backlog drains, skip data-consistency checks and omit a rollback plan.
  5. Use AWS DMS full load plus change data capture with compatible schema and monitored replication task

Explanation

Correct Answers

B:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A Windows estate contains expensive licensed products whose licensing rights differ between shared tenancy and dedicated hosts. License entitlements must be assessed before migration architecture and instance selection. A direct acceptance check is: The proposed target design has documented permitted license use and tracked license utilization.

E:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A business database needs a low-downtime migration from on-premises PostgreSQL to Amazon RDS PostgreSQL. AWS DMS can move data using full load and ongoing CDC for supported sources. A direct acceptance check is: Destination rows converge with source changes and validated CDC lag allows the final switchover.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This action targets a different technical need: A personal-health-record system has strict regional data residency and encryption obligations before any cloud transfer. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Regulatory and data-classification constraints affect target location and migration scope; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

C:

An offline snapshot without ongoing change capture is not the low-downtime PostgreSQL-to-RDS migration specified. Use a supported full-load plus CDC migration task, monitor replication lag and perform controlled cutover validation.

D:

Full-load plus CDC can reduce migration downtime, but cutting over with outstanding changes and no consistency verification jeopardizes committed transactions. A monitored replication task, lag threshold and controlled tested cutover are needed.

Question 578

An architecture review recommends this solution: Apply S3 Intelligent-Tiering with suitable monitoring and eligibility checks. The motivating situation is: Unpredictably accessed objects are retained for a year, but no reliable access-frequency segmentation is known. Which statement explains why the recommendation solves the specific problem?

  1. Spot Instances optimize interruptible capacity costs when jobs tolerate reclaim events
  2. S3 Intelligent-Tiering can move eligible objects among access tiers based on access frequency
  3. Compute Savings Plans discount eligible compute spending with an hourly commitment
  4. Kinesis stream performance depends on provisioned or on-demand capacity and balanced partition keys

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Apply S3 Intelligent-Tiering with suitable monitoring and eligibility checks. The expected supporting evidence is: Storage-class distribution follows observed access and availability constraints without extensive manual classification.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The workload uses only on-demand capacity despite safe restart or checkpoint semantics. The stated evidence instead indicates: Fixed hot storage is retained for every object because teams cannot forecast access patterns.

C:

Stable compute baseline is paid at on-demand rates without analyzed commitments. The stated evidence instead indicates: Fixed hot storage is retained for every object because teams cannot forecast access patterns.

D:

Stream shard limits or skewed partition keys cannot handle incoming record throughput. The stated evidence instead indicates: Fixed hot storage is retained for every object because teams cannot forecast access patterns.

Question 579

An architecture review recommends this solution: Deploy AWS Network Firewall with correct subnet endpoint routing and stateful rule groups. The motivating situation is: Workloads require a stateful firewall policy between centralized network segments, including domain-aware egress filtering. Which architectural reasoning is most accurate for the choice?

  1. Network Firewall enforces stateful network rules only on traffic routed through its endpoints
  2. RDS storage autoscaling can add storage within configured limits but does not automatically shrink it
  3. GuardDuty consumes AWS data sources to identify suspicious behavior and report findings
  4. CloudFront OAC signs origin requests and supports restrictive private S3 bucket policies

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Deploy AWS Network Firewall with correct subnet endpoint routing and stateful rule groups. The expected supporting evidence is: Approved flows pass and test policy-violating flows are logged and blocked in both traffic directions.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Storage capacity was fixed without safe growth management under variable data requirements. The stated evidence instead indicates: Traffic bypasses inspection endpoints, so rules exist but are never reached.

C:

Raw CloudTrail logs were collected but no managed threat-detection findings were enabled. The stated evidence instead indicates: Traffic bypasses inspection endpoints, so rules exist but are never reached.

D:

A public bucket policy exposes origin objects outside the intended CloudFront access path. The stated evidence instead indicates: Traffic bypasses inspection endpoints, so rules exist but are never reached.

Question 580

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: Two Regions must retain independently encrypted object replicas to meet recovery requirements during a source Region failure. Which failure mechanism should the team correct?

  1. Backup-only DR cannot restart the platform quickly enough for the required minutes-long RTO
  2. The destination bucket is present but replication cannot use the destination KMS key
  3. All containers share a single placement failure domain and cannot be rescheduled in time
  4. Traffic bypasses inspection endpoints, so rules exist but are never reached

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. S3 encrypted object replication needs versioning and appropriate replication-role KMS authorization. The appropriate correction is: Configure S3 replication rules with correct versioning and KMS permissions for destination encrypted objects. The control should then be tested by verifying that Eligible new source objects replicate with appropriate destination encryption and remain readable during source outage.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Backup-only DR cannot restart the platform quickly enough for the required minutes-long RTO. The stated evidence instead indicates: The destination bucket is present but replication cannot use the destination KMS key.

C:

All containers share a single placement failure domain and cannot be rescheduled in time. The stated evidence instead indicates: The destination bucket is present but replication cannot use the destination KMS key.

D:

Traffic bypasses inspection endpoints, so rules exist but are never reached. The stated evidence instead indicates: The destination bucket is present but replication cannot use the destination KMS key.