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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Bundle

Exam Code: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

Exam Name AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Practice Test 72

Question 710

An architecture review recommends this solution: Configure IAM role federation with OIDC trust subject restrictions for the external build identity. The motivating situation is: A build system hosted outside AWS needs temporary access to deploy CloudFormation without storing long-lived access keys. Which consideration makes this solution preferable to the original approach?

  1. EFS throughput characteristics must match concurrent IO patterns and required sustained rate
  2. GuardDuty consumes AWS data sources to identify suspicious behavior and report findings
  3. OIDC role federation supports temporary credentials and scoped trust for external workloads
  4. CloudFront OAC signs origin requests and supports restrictive private S3 bucket policies

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Configure IAM role federation with OIDC trust subject restrictions for the external build identity. The expected supporting evidence is: The approved CI workload receives short-lived role credentials and an unapproved repository identity fails assumption.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The shared file system's throughput mode or credit availability constrains parallel clients. The stated evidence instead indicates: Static IAM user access keys were embedded in the external CI configuration.

B:

Raw CloudTrail logs were collected but no managed threat-detection findings were enabled. The stated evidence instead indicates: Static IAM user access keys were embedded in the external CI configuration.

D:

A public bucket policy exposes origin objects outside the intended CloudFront access path. The stated evidence instead indicates: Static IAM user access keys were embedded in the external CI configuration.

Question 711

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: Operations cannot trace a customer transaction once it crosses more than six loosely coupled services. Requirement B: A Windows estate contains expensive licensed products whose licensing rights differ between shared tenancy and dedicated hosts. Select TWO actions, one for each independently scoped requirement.

  1. Classify applications through a defined 7 Rs migration assessment with business value, risk and retirement criteria
  2. Introduce consistent tracing and structured correlation with CloudWatch and an OpenTelemetry-compatible collector where appropriate
  3. Modernize to an appropriately configured Amazon Aurora cluster with multi-AZ storage and tested failover
  4. Capture resources in versioned CloudFormation or CDK definitions and deploy through reviewed pipelines
  5. Assess license portability, dedicated-host requirements and AWS License Manager before choosing targets

Explanation

Correct Answers

B:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: Operations cannot trace a customer transaction once it crosses more than six loosely coupled services. Unified trace context and structured observability improve distributed troubleshooting. A direct acceptance check is: An end-to-end test request shows linked spans and reveals downstream latency without leaking credentials.

E:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A Windows estate contains expensive licensed products whose licensing rights differ between shared tenancy and dedicated hosts. License entitlements must be assessed before migration architecture and instance selection. A direct acceptance check is: The proposed target design has documented permitted license use and tracked license utilization.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This action targets a different technical need: Executives request one default migration method for every workload regardless of technical debt or value. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. The 7 Rs decision framework matches migration strategy to application context; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

C:

This action targets a different technical need: A legacy database must meet high transactional availability and can accept conversion to an Aurora-compatible engine. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Aurora offers managed high availability features for supported relational engines; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: Cloud infrastructure is built manually for each test environment and nobody knows which resources can be reproduced. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Infrastructure as code supports repeatability, reviews and automated lifecycle controls; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 712

An architecture review recommends this solution: Use AWS DMS full load plus change data capture with compatible schema and monitored replication task. The motivating situation is: A business database needs a low-downtime migration from on-premises PostgreSQL to Amazon RDS PostgreSQL. Which architectural reasoning is most accurate for the choice?

  1. AWS DMS can move data using full load and ongoing CDC for supported sources
  2. Managed scheduling can invoke short-lived compute without operating a permanent cron host
  3. AWS Data Transfer Terminal allows eligible Enterprise Support customers to bring storage to an AWS transfer site; AWS Snowball Edge is no longer available to new customers
  4. AWS MGN supports continuous server replication and orchestrated rehosting validation

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Use AWS DMS full load plus change data capture with compatible schema and monitored replication task. The expected supporting evidence is: Destination rows converge with source changes and validated CDC lag allows the final switchover.

Incorrect Answers

B:

The only purpose of a 24/7 server is occasional timer-based work. The stated evidence instead indicates: One-time offline export cannot satisfy the narrow write-freeze window.

C:

The migration plan assumes a new AWS Snowball Edge device can still be ordered even though new-customer ordering is unavailable. The stated evidence instead indicates: One-time offline export cannot satisfy the narrow write-freeze window.

D:

Manual one-time disk copying cannot keep hundreds of moving workloads synchronized until cutover. The stated evidence instead indicates: One-time offline export cannot satisfy the narrow write-freeze window.

Question 713

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: An ECS fleet is experiencing p99 delays but per-container CPU and memory usage are absent from operational dashboards. Which missing control accounts for the continuing issue?

  1. Only instance host metrics exist and individual container bottlenecks cannot be isolated
  2. Capacity planning ignores demand spikes or hot keys that concentrate requests
  3. gp2 capacity-linked performance assumptions lead to wasteful storage growth
  4. Dormant storage versions and partial uploads accumulate without inventory or lifecycle governance

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. Container Insights provides enhanced telemetry for container infrastructure. The appropriate correction is: Enable supported Container Insights telemetry for task and service performance diagnostics. The control should then be tested by verifying that High-latency periods correlate with a specific task's memory or CPU saturation.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Capacity planning ignores demand spikes or hot keys that concentrate requests. The stated evidence instead indicates: Only instance host metrics exist and individual container bottlenecks cannot be isolated.

C:

Gp2 capacity-linked performance assumptions lead to wasteful storage growth. The stated evidence instead indicates: Only instance host metrics exist and individual container bottlenecks cannot be isolated.

D:

Dormant storage versions and partial uploads accumulate without inventory or lifecycle governance. The stated evidence instead indicates: Only instance host metrics exist and individual container bottlenecks cannot be isolated.

Question 714

An architecture review recommends this solution: Adjust stream capacity mode or shard count and confirm partition key distribution. The motivating situation is: A Kinesis data stream has increasing write throttling because producers exceed the capacity of its current shard configuration. Which technical principle most strongly justifies this recommendation?

  1. RDS read replicas scale read throughput but are asynchronous relative to the primary
  2. Spot Instances optimize interruptible capacity costs when jobs tolerate reclaim events
  3. Kinesis stream performance depends on provisioned or on-demand capacity and balanced partition keys
  4. A shared in-memory cache reduces backend read pressure when expiry and failure behavior are designed

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Adjust stream capacity mode or shard count and confirm partition key distribution. The expected supporting evidence is: Records are ingested within supported throughput limits without hot-shard throttling under replayed load.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Read-only analytical traffic saturates the production database's single writable instance. The stated evidence instead indicates: Stream shard limits or skewed partition keys cannot handle incoming record throughput.

B:

The workload uses only on-demand capacity despite safe restart or checkpoint semantics. The stated evidence instead indicates: Stream shard limits or skewed partition keys cannot handle incoming record throughput.

D:

Instance-local caches cannot share consistent ephemeral state across horizontally scaled hosts. The stated evidence instead indicates: Stream shard limits or skewed partition keys cannot handle incoming record throughput.

Question 715

For the enterprise requirement "A bucket policy accidentally grants an external AWS account access and the owner needs a provable cross-account finding", the team implemented this change: Enable IAM Access Analyzer for the relevant zone of trust and evaluate the external-access finding. What would most directly validate the implementation?

  1. Eligible compute charges reflect the planned commitment discount and remaining coverage is visible
  2. The assumed session can read the approved prefix and is denied a separate confidential prefix
  3. The analyzer identifies the unexpected external principal and the finding clears after policy correction
  4. Every enrolled account produces expected trail events in the security account and workloads cannot delete retained logs

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. IAM Access Analyzer analyzes resource-based policies for external access outside the chosen trust zone. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: A bucket policy accidentally grants an external AWS account access and the owner needs a provable cross-account finding.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Eligible compute charges reflect the planned commitment discount and remaining coverage is visible. However, this does not establish the required outcome: the analyzer identifies the unexpected external principal and the finding clears after policy correction.

B:

The assumed session can read the approved prefix and is denied a separate confidential prefix. However, this does not establish the required outcome: the analyzer identifies the unexpected external principal and the finding clears after policy correction.

D:

Every enrolled account produces expected trail events in the security account and workloads cannot delete retained logs. However, this does not establish the required outcome: the analyzer identifies the unexpected external principal and the finding clears after policy correction.

Question 716

For the enterprise requirement "Enterprise billing shows a stable EC2 spend baseline but Savings Plans are not aligned with actual account usage", the team implemented this change: Analyze Cost Explorer coverage and utilization before adjusting a suitable commitment. What should operations verify instead of relying on configuration alone?

  1. Identified buckets show smaller unnecessary version and multipart storage after retention-safe cleanup
  2. Team A reads only its permitted dataset and an attempt to fetch team B's restricted dataset is rejected
  3. Eligible baseline compute spend receives discounts without excessive underused commitment
  4. Discount usage improves with fewer unused reservation hours and measured baseline cost changes

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. Savings Plan decisions require evidence about coverage and utilization of eligible compute. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: Enterprise billing shows a stable EC2 spend baseline but Savings Plans are not aligned with actual account usage.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Identified buckets show smaller unnecessary version and multipart storage after retention-safe cleanup. However, this does not establish the required outcome: eligible baseline compute spend receives discounts without excessive underused commitment.

B:

Team A reads only its permitted dataset and an attempt to fetch team B's restricted dataset is rejected. However, this does not establish the required outcome: eligible baseline compute spend receives discounts without excessive underused commitment.

D:

Discount usage improves with fewer unused reservation hours and measured baseline cost changes. However, this does not establish the required outcome: eligible baseline compute spend receives discounts without excessive underused commitment.

Question 717

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: A high-throughput session API must share ephemeral session data among multiple application instances without database round trips. Which failure mechanism should the team correct?

  1. Instance-local caches cannot share consistent ephemeral state across horizontally scaled hosts
  2. The team assumes an x86 machine image and native binaries can run unchanged on arm64
  3. In-place overwriting of every production instance removed the healthy comparison environment
  4. Every read request traverses the backing DynamoDB service despite highly reusable cacheable data

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. A shared in-memory cache reduces backend read pressure when expiry and failure behavior are designed. The appropriate correction is: Use ElastiCache Redis/Valkey-compatible cache with a suitable eviction and high-availability design. The control should then be tested by verifying that Hot session lookups avoid repeated database queries and failure recovery preserves acceptable service behavior.

Incorrect Answers

B:

The team assumes an x86 machine image and native binaries can run unchanged on arm64. The stated evidence instead indicates: Instance-local caches cannot share consistent ephemeral state across horizontally scaled hosts.

C:

In-place overwriting of every production instance removed the healthy comparison environment. The stated evidence instead indicates: Instance-local caches cannot share consistent ephemeral state across horizontally scaled hosts.

D:

Every read request traverses the backing DynamoDB service despite highly reusable cacheable data. The stated evidence instead indicates: Instance-local caches cannot share consistent ephemeral state across horizontally scaled hosts.

Question 718

An architecture review recommends this solution: Adopt an Aurora Global Database topology where supported and rehearse cross-Region failover or switchover. The motivating situation is: A customer database needs a near-real-time cross-Region read replica and an established disaster recovery promotion procedure. What principle supports the selected implementation?

  1. Route 53 health-check failover can redirect future DNS resolutions between operational regional endpoints
  2. Aurora Global Database supports low-latency crossregional replication with explicit recovery operations
  3. AWS Config aggregators consolidate configuration and compliance data without changing source resources
  4. Durable queues decouple intake availability from downstream processing failures

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Adopt an Aurora Global Database topology where supported and rehearse cross-Region failover or switchover. The expected supporting evidence is: Replica lag and promotion tests meet defined RPO and RTO targets during planned and simulated events.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The backup Region exists but DNS routing never changes after primary endpoint failure. The stated evidence instead indicates: A single-Region Aurora cluster lacks a suitable crossregional disaster recovery target.

C:

Local Config assessments exist but no aggregation exposes cross-account status. The stated evidence instead indicates: A single-Region Aurora cluster lacks a suitable crossregional disaster recovery target.

D:

Synchronous request-to-database coupling loses or rejects work whenever the database is unavailable. The stated evidence instead indicates: A single-Region Aurora cluster lacks a suitable crossregional disaster recovery target.

Question 719

An architecture review recommends this solution: Configure Security Hub delegated administrator and member account aggregation or finding aggregation as supported. The motivating situation is: Security analysts need one cross-account aggregation view of prioritized findings without requesting console access in every workload account. Why is this architecture appropriate for the described workload?

  1. EventBridge archives support bounded replay of previously captured events
  2. IAM Access Analyzer analyzes resource-based policies for external access outside the chosen trust zone
  3. Security Hub delegated administration centralizes findings while each source account retains its own resources
  4. IAM Identity Center coordinates workforce SSO permission sets across accounts

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Configure Security Hub delegated administrator and member account aggregation or finding aggregation as supported. The expected supporting evidence is: The delegated account receives findings from participating member accounts and permitted Regions.

Incorrect Answers

A:

No archive or retention mechanism was configured before the subscriber outage. The stated evidence instead indicates: Individual Security Hub instances were not centrally delegated or aggregated.

B:

Resource policies were never checked for access beyond the organization's trust boundary. The stated evidence instead indicates: Individual Security Hub instances were not centrally delegated or aggregated.

D:

Individual IAM users were being created per account instead of using centralized workforce federation. The stated evidence instead indicates: Individual Security Hub instances were not centrally delegated or aggregated.

Question 720

For the enterprise requirement "A startup expects to grow from five accounts to 100 and needs baseline account vending and preventive guardrails", the team implemented this change: Deploy an AWS Control Tower landing zone and Account Factory-based governance with planned organizational units. Which test result proves this architecture satisfies its stated constraint?

  1. Approved application subnets reach each other through Transit Gateway routes and unauthorized segments remain isolated
  2. New vended accounts inherit required landing-zone logging, identity and governance baselines
  3. Participant-owned permitted resources deploy into the shared subnet while networking account retains network ownership
  4. Eligible accounts create scheduled recovery points according to policies and restores are tested

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

This measures the behavior required by the specific solution, rather than simply checking that it was configured. AWS Control Tower provides managed landing-zone governance and standardized account provisioning. The acceptance condition is linked directly to the scenario: A startup expects to grow from five accounts to 100 and needs baseline account vending and preventive guardrails.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Approved application subnets reach each other through Transit Gateway routes and unauthorized segments remain isolated. However, this does not establish the required outcome: new vended accounts inherit required landing-zone logging, identity and governance baselines.

C:

Participant-owned permitted resources deploy into the shared subnet while networking account retains network ownership. However, this does not establish the required outcome: new vended accounts inherit required landing-zone logging, identity and governance baselines.

D:

Eligible accounts create scheduled recovery points according to policies and restores are tested. However, this does not establish the required outcome: new vended accounts inherit required landing-zone logging, identity and governance baselines.