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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Bundle

Exam Code: AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

Exam Name AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02

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Amazon AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional SAP-C02 Practice Test 78

Question 770

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: An organization needs central inspection of east-west traffic from multiple spoke VPCs without asymmetric return flows. Which architecture decision best meets that precise requirement?

  1. Provision redundant Direct Connect connections and a Direct Connect gateway associated with appropriate transit or virtual private gateways
  2. Establish a Transit Gateway peering attachment and add the appropriate static routes in both Transit Gateway route tables
  3. Set up IAM Identity Center account assignments with role-scoped permission sets and centralized joiner-leaver management
  4. Use Transit Gateway inspection VPC attachment with appliance mode and explicit symmetric inspection routes

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Stateful network inspection requires symmetric paths through the selected inspection appliance. The required architecture outcome is: An organization needs central inspection of east-west traffic from multiple spoke VPCs without asymmetric return flows. Validate this choice by checking that Bidirectional flows traverse the inspection appliances consistently and approved inspection policies appear in logs.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A single Direct Connect circuit creates a site-to-cloud connectivity single point of failure. The specific problem here is that the inspection design allows forward and return packets to use different stateful inspection appliances.

B:

The architecture assumes that Transit Gateway peering automatically propagates interregional routes. The specific problem here is that the inspection design allows forward and return packets to use different stateful inspection appliances.

C:

Each business unit manually maintains duplicative IAM users in workload accounts. The specific problem here is that the inspection design allows forward and return packets to use different stateful inspection appliances.

Question 771

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: A reporting dashboard overloads a relational database primary with read queries but still requires strongly controlled write ownership. Which selection is defensible under the given constraints?

  1. Configure CloudFront caching with appropriate TTL, cache keys and regional origin controls
  2. Configure Global Accelerator listeners and healthy regional ALB or NLB endpoints
  3. Add supported RDS read replicas and route eventually consistent reporting reads away from the writer
  4. Evaluate a serverless API Gateway and Lambda architecture with cold-start and concurrency testing

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

RDS read replicas scale read throughput but are asynchronous relative to the primary. The required architecture outcome is: A reporting dashboard overloads a relational database primary with read queries but still requires strongly controlled write ownership. Validate this choice by checking that Writer CPU usage decreases while lag-tolerant reporting requests use replica endpoints.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Every static asset fetch goes to a distant origin instead of the edge cache. The specific problem here is that read-only analytical traffic saturates the production database's single writable instance.

B:

Region-specific public IPs and DNS routing do not provide the needed global anycast transport optimization. The specific problem here is that read-only analytical traffic saturates the production database's single writable instance.

D:

Fixed EC2 capacity is provisioned 24/7 despite infrequent invocation. The specific problem here is that read-only analytical traffic saturates the production database's single writable instance.

Question 772

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A mature EC2 service wants to reduce response latency and CPU cost by moving to Graviton while preserving custom native dependencies. Requirement B: A queue-backed worker fleet is underloaded overnight but still runs a fixed large number of instances. Choose TWO actions that directly address these separate problems.

  1. Add supported RDS read replicas and route eventually consistent reporting reads away from the writer
  2. Scale ECS services or EC2 Auto Scaling from queue depth and processing time metrics
  3. Configure Route 53 health checks with primary and secondary failover records and tested TTL behavior
  4. Benchmark supported arm64 builds on Graviton instance families and deploy only after compatibility validation
  5. Configure S3 lifecycle transitions to a suitable archival storage class and test retrieval times

Explanation

Correct Answers

B:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A queue-backed worker fleet is underloaded overnight but still runs a fixed large number of instances. Queue-driven scaling aligns paid worker capacity with outstanding workload. A direct acceptance check is: Worker count falls during light load and rises when queue age approaches the delivery deadline.

D:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A mature EC2 service wants to reduce response latency and CPU cost by moving to Graviton while preserving custom native dependencies. Graviton migration requires compatible architecture builds and representative workload benchmarking. A direct acceptance check is: p95 latency and unit costs improve in a representative arm64 canary with all native libraries working.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This action targets a different technical need: A reporting dashboard overloads a relational database primary with read queries but still requires strongly controlled write ownership. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. RDS read replicas scale read throughput but are asynchronous relative to the primary; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

C:

This action targets a different technical need: A Route 53 failover policy must move users between two independent public endpoints when the primary application fails. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. DNS health-based failover changes record responses, but clients may cache prior results; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

E:

This action targets a different technical need: A compliance dataset is rarely accessed after 90 days but must remain recoverable with several-hour retrieval tolerance. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Lifecycle transitions reduce storage expense only if retrieval and minimum-duration constraints fit; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 773

An architecture review recommends this solution: Enable and test DynamoDB point-in-time recovery for the table and recovery runbook. The motivating situation is: A DynamoDB application requires recovery from accidental writes to an earlier point within a month. Which architectural reasoning is most accurate for the choice?

  1. State machines improve auditability when state transitions and idempotency are designed
  2. DNS failover needs a health-signal and routing policy that actually switches answers
  3. Readiness and graceful termination controls reduce errors during normal rolling changes
  4. DynamoDB PITR restores to a selected point within its available recovery window

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Enable and test DynamoDB point-in-time recovery for the table and recovery runbook. The expected supporting evidence is: Restoring a suitable past timestamp creates a usable table with correct records.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Untracked imperative orchestration repeats previous side effects after transient failures. The stated evidence instead indicates: Standard short-lived backups cannot recover the exact chosen accidental-update point.

B:

Passive regional copies exist without health-driven endpoint selection. The stated evidence instead indicates: Standard short-lived backups cannot recover the exact chosen accidental-update point.

C:

Kubernetes deployment treats process startup as adequate evidence of request readiness. The stated evidence instead indicates: Standard short-lived backups cannot recover the exact chosen accidental-update point.

Question 774

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: A bucket policy accidentally grants an external AWS account access and the owner needs a provable cross-account finding. Which option best aligns with the business and technical requirement?

  1. Require tightly scoped role trust and a scoped session policy or condition that limits the assumed-role credentials
  2. Use AWS Global Accelerator with endpoint groups and regional health-based routing
  3. Configure an organization trail delivered to a protected central S3 bucket with appropriate key and bucket controls
  4. Enable IAM Access Analyzer for the relevant zone of trust and evaluate the external-access finding

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

IAM Access Analyzer analyzes resource-based policies for external access outside the chosen trust zone. The required architecture outcome is: A bucket policy accidentally grants an external AWS account access and the owner needs a provable cross-account finding. Validate this choice by checking that The analyzer identifies the unexpected external principal and the finding clears after policy correction.

Incorrect Answers

A:

An overly broad assumed-role session is not constrained to the vendor's assigned resources. The specific problem here is that resource policies were never checked for access beyond the organization's trust boundary.

B:

Ordinary regional endpoints offer neither the requested global anycast entry point nor accelerator health steering. The specific problem here is that resource policies were never checked for access beyond the organization's trust boundary.

C:

Disjoint local-account trails leave central auditors with incomplete visibility. The specific problem here is that resource policies were never checked for access beyond the organization's trust boundary.

Question 775

An enterprise architecture team faces this design requirement: An S3 bucket is repeatedly made public and security wants prompt correction beyond simply generating findings. Which action would resolve the problem without adding unrelated capabilities?

  1. Instrument eligible application components with AWS X-Ray tracing or supported distributed tracing correlation
  2. Enable detailed Cost and Usage Reports with cost categories or properly activated allocation tags
  3. Move the suitable multi-step orchestration into Step Functions with named states, bounded retries and error paths
  4. Pair an AWS Config detection rule with controlled Systems Manager Automation remediation and change safeguards

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Config rules can invoke automations for selected remediable configuration noncompliance. The required architecture outcome is: An S3 bucket is repeatedly made public and security wants prompt correction beyond simply generating findings. Validate this choice by checking that A deliberately noncompliant bucket triggers the configured corrective control and audit records.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Uncorrelated logs hide where the end-to-end latency accumulates. The specific problem here is that config findings are left as unactioned notifications while risky drift remains exposed.

B:

Shared costs are assigned by arbitrary percentage without service consumption evidence. The specific problem here is that config findings are left as unactioned notifications while risky drift remains exposed.

C:

Untracked imperative orchestration repeats previous side effects after transient failures. The specific problem here is that config findings are left as unactioned notifications while risky drift remains exposed.

Question 776

A deployed environment still does not meet the original requirement: Operations cannot trace a customer transaction once it crosses more than six loosely coupled services. What original architectural gap most directly explains the failure?

  1. Separate component logs cannot be correlated to customer transactions
  2. Console changes have no reproducible declarative infrastructure state
  3. Workflow state and failure recovery are hidden in fragile custom imperative scripts
  4. Database engine migration was assumed to be a simple homogeneous replication job

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

This is the technical design error aligned with the unmet requirement. Unified trace context and structured observability improve distributed troubleshooting. The appropriate correction is: Introduce consistent tracing and structured correlation with CloudWatch and an OpenTelemetry-compatible collector where appropriate. The control should then be tested by verifying that An end-to-end test request shows linked spans and reveals downstream latency without leaking credentials.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Console changes have no reproducible declarative infrastructure state. The stated evidence instead indicates: Separate component logs cannot be correlated to customer transactions.

C:

Workflow state and failure recovery are hidden in fragile custom imperative scripts. The stated evidence instead indicates: Separate component logs cannot be correlated to customer transactions.

D:

Database engine migration was assumed to be a simple homogeneous replication job. The stated evidence instead indicates: Separate component logs cannot be correlated to customer transactions.

Question 777

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: A service currently stores a database password in deployment environment text and needs managed rotation without code updates. Requirement B: An Aurora-backed API has too many queries on the writer and wants to distribute read-only reporting traffic. Select TWO actions, one for each independently scoped requirement.

  1. Adjust stream capacity mode or shard count and confirm partition key distribution
  2. Configure EventBridge archives and event replay with selection patterns and measured retention
  3. Send eligible reads through the Aurora reader endpoint and provision suitable replica capacity
  4. Enable GuardDuty organization-wide with designated administrator and configured regional coverage
  5. Move the secret to AWS Secrets Manager and adopt controlled retrieval and rotation integration

Explanation

Correct Answers

C:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: An Aurora-backed API has too many queries on the writer and wants to distribute read-only reporting traffic. Aurora reader endpoints balance connections to read replicas for read workloads. A direct acceptance check is: Read latency and writer CPU improve under reporting load without routing writes to read replicas.

E:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: A service currently stores a database password in deployment environment text and needs managed rotation without code updates. Secrets Manager can store and rotate secrets with applications retrieving current authorized values. A direct acceptance check is: A rotation completes, the application authenticates with the new value, and old credentials are not exposed.

Incorrect Answers

A:

This action targets a different technical need: A Kinesis data stream has increasing write throttling because producers exceed the capacity of its current shard configuration. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Kinesis stream performance depends on provisioned or on-demand capacity and balanced partition keys; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

B:

This action targets a different technical need: A busy event-routing platform must retain dropped partner events for later controlled replay after a bug fix. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. EventBridge event archives retain matching historical events for later replay; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: A central security team needs automated detections for unusual cross-account API activity and suspected credential misuse. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. GuardDuty consumes AWS data sources to identify suspicious behavior and report findings; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

Question 778

An architecture review recommends this solution: Identify bounded contexts and isolate independently deployable modules with explicit APIs and data ownership. The motivating situation is: A large retail monolith has tightly coupled inventory, checkout and customer modules that scale as one deployment. What principle supports the selected implementation?

  1. Managed scheduling can invoke short-lived compute without operating a permanent cron host
  2. EKS provides a managed Kubernetes control plane for teams using Kubernetes-native tooling
  3. Online database migration requires ongoing change capture and carefully managed cutover semantics
  4. Domain-aligned service boundaries require APIs and deliberate data ownership separation

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Identify bounded contexts and isolate independently deployable modules with explicit APIs and data ownership. The expected supporting evidence is: Inventory changes can deploy without forcing unrelated checkout and customer workflows through full regression.

Incorrect Answers

A:

The only purpose of a 24/7 server is occasional timer-based work. The stated evidence instead indicates: Shared data and internal method calls prevent independent deployment and scale.

B:

A non-Kubernetes orchestrator was chosen despite strict Kubernetes extension compatibility requirements. The stated evidence instead indicates: Shared data and internal method calls prevent independent deployment and scale.

C:

A one-time export leaves days of writes uncopied before final deployment. The stated evidence instead indicates: Shared data and internal method calls prevent independent deployment and scale.

Question 779

An architecture review recommends this solution: Use AWS DataSync agents and tasks with scheduling and integrity validation. The motivating situation is: A company must perform recurring secure file synchronization from on-premises NAS into Amazon S3 with minimal custom scripting. Which statement explains why the recommendation solves the specific problem?

  1. CDC-based event distribution can modernize delayed batch data propagation
  2. AWS MGN supports continuous server replication and orchestrated rehosting validation
  3. AWS DataSync automates supported file and object movement with verification features
  4. Heterogeneous database migrations require explicit schema and application compatibility work

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

This principle explains why the prescribed control is appropriate for the described requirement. The matching design action is: Use AWS DataSync agents and tasks with scheduling and integrity validation. The expected supporting evidence is: Eligible file changes are transferred and verified by a scheduled DataSync task.

Incorrect Answers

A:

All consumers wait for a nightly export despite a near-real-time freshness requirement. The stated evidence instead indicates: Homegrown scripts do not handle incremental transfer, scheduling and verification consistently.

B:

Manual one-time disk copying cannot keep hundreds of moving workloads synchronized until cutover. The stated evidence instead indicates: Homegrown scripts do not handle incremental transfer, scheduling and verification consistently.

D:

Replicating table data alone does not translate incompatible source SQL constructs. The stated evidence instead indicates: Homegrown scripts do not handle incremental transfer, scheduling and verification consistently.

Question 780

A professional architect is reviewing two independent workstreams. Requirement A: Two Regions are deployed but customer requests stay routed to the failed primary endpoint indefinitely. Requirement B: A shared S3 estate has ballooning noncurrent versions, incomplete multipart uploads and forgotten small objects. Select TWO actions, one for each independently scoped requirement.

  1. Use S3 Storage Lens or inventory analytics and implement targeted lifecycle cleanup rules
  2. Configure and verify Route 53 failover records with endpoint health checks and explicit secondary routing
  3. Build CloudWatch operational dashboards with service-specific metrics, structured logging, and correlation identifiers
  4. Inventory unattached EBS volumes and delete or archive approved volumes after snapshot and ownership checks
  5. Configure readiness probes, deployment surge policy and graceful termination semantics

Explanation

Correct Answers

A:

This action meets the independently stated requirement B: A shared S3 estate has ballooning noncurrent versions, incomplete multipart uploads and forgotten small objects. S3 analytics and lifecycle rules target recoverable storage waste when retention is respected. A direct acceptance check is: Identified buckets show smaller unnecessary version and multipart storage after retention-safe cleanup.

B:

This action meets the independently stated requirement A: Two Regions are deployed but customer requests stay routed to the failed primary endpoint indefinitely. DNS failover needs a health-signal and routing policy that actually switches answers. A direct acceptance check is: After a simulated endpoint failure, new DNS queries return the secondary healthy Region.

Incorrect Answers

C:

This action targets a different technical need: Service owners cannot separate API traffic incidents from infrastructure incidents across ten microservices. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Meaningful dashboards align telemetry with system service boundaries and indicators; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

D:

This action targets a different technical need: Operations retains detached EBS volumes after instance termination and pays for unused storage for months. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. EBS storage billing continues for allocated volumes until they are deleted or otherwise changed; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.

E:

This action targets a different technical need: An EKS service experiences 503 errors during rolling updates because pods accept traffic before dependencies initialize. It does not replace either required solution in A or B. Readiness and graceful termination controls reduce errors during normal rolling changes; verify the two stated requirements independently rather than accepting an unrelated change.